Check out the offers from our partner Get Your Guide: Liked what you read? It also allows the interior walls and piers to be more slender, thus creating more light within the cathedral; more of a feeling of "heaven on Earth". He grew up in France and Germany and has also lived in Australia and England. The two major stalls were unique in France with a huge13.50 m wooden lace above them. The labyrinth appeared to be a symbolic road where man meets God. On one sat the King and on the other the dean of the chapter. It is out now in ebook and paperback on Amazon US, Amazon UK, and several other Amazon marketplaces. Unlike those of the Rouen and Chartres faades, the small size of the towers at Amiens Cathedral does not contribute to the upward thrust of the building. aisles. NARRATOR: With new buttresses in place, the medieval builders stabilized the upper wall. towers are modest in height and rectangular in plan, not square. Note the enormous or transept creating a square bay or crossing in the middle. Spot more of the Musician Kings (and easily) at the top of the buttresses of the axial chapel (chevet of the cathedral just behind the choir). The elevation of the transept has three levels, like the nave and the choir: A large stained glass window with a rose window lit each transept arm: In the north transept arm, you can notice a 12th-century basin. Churches with the function of cathedral are usually specific to those Christian denominations with an episcopal hierarchy, such as the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Anglican, and some Lutheran churches. It is built in the place where there was another one which burnt down. The north tower, however, met some challenges. It is built in Gothic style. The nave covers an area of seven bays and is lined on each side with an aisle containing square vaults. Youll spot a large number of them just behind the towers of the western faade, around the terrace of the Chamber of Musicians. An angel statue sounding the trumpet surmounts the great gable of the central portal. There are six large statues on each side of the portal. There are 22 statues in the Gallery of Kings. The Amiens Cathedral, listed as a Historical Monument in 1882 and included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1981, is a reference in its style and also has a series of curious elements that make it particularly interesting. Unlike chimeras, the statues of the Musician Kings represent very pleasant characters. first in 850 during the Norman invasion, in 1019, Flanders (where the textile industry was flourishing), and, Triforium formed by a series of twin arcades. The canon stole it when crusaders pillaged the city of Constantinople in 1204. ambulatory are seven radiating chapels with altars dedicated to However, even though Gothic architects or masons solved the technical problems of building and constructed many Gothic cathedrals, one of the tallest of the Gothic cathedrals, Beauvais cathedral, collapsed in 1284 without any evidence or document. The Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of Amiens (French: Basilique Cathdrale Notre-Dame d'Amiens), or simply Amiens Cathedral, is a Roman Catholic church.The cathedral is the seat of the Bishop of Amiens.It is situated on a slight ridge overlooking the River Somme in Amiens, the administrative capital of the Picardy region of France, some 120 kilometres (75 miles) north of Paris. Its path measures 234 metres. It also reveals the more recent metallic architecture. One of the most notable buildings that utilized flying buttresses is the cathedral Notre-Dame in Paris, whose construction was started in 1163 and completed in 1345. When you reach the top, you will have an unobstructed view on the monument, particularly on the gargoyles and chimeras, and the city of Amiens. Gothic architecture soon found its way to Germany, particularly to cities near the French-German border such as Trier and Heidelburg. At the time of the installation, the iron chain was red hot, and it tightened as it cooled, acting as a cinch. Amazing, isn't it? A very short building period ensured a rare conformity of style. It reveals what the coloured faade of the cathedral looked like in the Middle Ages. On the Kings stall sat Louis XII, Francis I, Henri IV, then Napoleon I and French President Charles de Gaulle. A broad overhaul of the decorations of the choir was undertaken in the 18th century. It was used to wash deceased people. Save my name, email and website in the browser for my next comment. The Romanesque cathedral soon proved too small to accommodate such an influx of pilgrims. This study sets out to test assumptions about openwork flying buttresses of the type used in Gothic buildings from the mid-thirteenth century. In contrast to Reims and Chartres Cathedrals, where construction started in the choir, the builders of Amiens Cathedral chose to raise the nave first. Unlike the one of Chartres, the great faade of Amiens Cathedral appears particularly much decorated. of three great portals and two towers similar to that of Laon buttresses, which support the high vaults. It is also in harmony, meaning it includes three portals, three elevation levels and two towers. What was the purpose of a flying buttress? It features a lavish decoration of archways and small columns. They contain the famous Picardy Calendar or Amiens Zodiac. The flying buttress ( arc-boutant, arch buttress) is a specific form of buttress composed of an arch that extends from the upper portion of a wall to a pier of great mass, in order to convey lateral forces to the ground that are necessary to push a wall outwards. Explore Amiens Cathedral, France's largest church - French Moments Explore Amiens Cathedral, France's largest church 29 December first in 850 during the Norman invasion, in 1019, then once again in 1107. gothic cathedral, robert de luzarches, louis ix of france, flying buttresses, wrought iron bar chain, rose window, facade, nave of notre dame, chapel of notre dame, weeping angel, baroque . Media in category "Flying buttresses of Cathdrale Notre-Dame d'Amiens" The following 7 files are in this category, out of 7 total. . This, the last such Gothic steeple in France, The flying buttress evolved in the Gothic era from earlier simpler, hidden supports. An architectural style that first originated from France and spread all over Europe. The new statuary was to be a Bible in stone that would teach the Christian people Bible stories. It's a site that collects all the most frequently asked questions and answers, so you don't have to spend hours on searching anywhere else. Life of a Cathedral: Notre-Dame of Amiens Thanks to the short period of construction (1220-1288) of Amiens Cathedral, this Gothic masterpiece displays a consistent architectural style that is rarely seen in the other French cathedrals. The elevation is made even more elegant due to its beautiful groin vaults and marble columns made possible by the pointed arches of the arcade as well as the flying buttresses that line the exterior. embedded in its tip. The employment of such units has been associated with the "decadence" of Gothic architecture. Columbia University It can shelter 10,000 people within its walls, that is the population of Amiens during the Middle Ages. Gothic architecture is generally associated with religious architecture, namely the construction of cathedrals. The employment of such units has been associated with the "decadence" of Gothic architecture. Chartres, Soissons, Amiens, Cologne, etc. It is an ensemble of beautiful sculptures, eight centuries old and remarkably well preserved. They are simply mythical, diabolical and often grotesque statues. A triangular gable surmounts each of the three portals, with its centre decorated with clovers. The new bishop, Grard de Coucy did not pursue the continuation of work on the cathedral between 1247 and 1258. As to the columns along the nave, they are 13.85 metres high. All you have to do is click on the link and any booking you make is automatically tracked. The building of Amiens cathedral, a huge cathedral only capped in height by Beauvais, was much effected by the then nascent knowledge of structural engineering, and by the ambitions of the builders and the people who commission the construction. Download this Flying Buttress Support At Amiens Cathedral photo now. Lack of funds prevented the towers of the faade to be as high as those at Reims or Chartres. Indeed the Pope persuaded the Germans to stop aiming at the cathedral. How did the medieval builders of Amiens stabilize the structure when cracks began to appear in the walls? It contains some beautiful statues, the Musician Kings. The Gallery of Kings stands just above the lower gallery some 30 metres above the parvis. With the walls no longer being the only load-bearing part of the cathedral's structure, vast openings could be made and filled with stained glass. The 11 chapels that line the nave were built between 1290 and 1375. Do Men Still Wear Button Holes At Weddings? Everyone was aware of . 90 years later to build a new cathedral in the fashionable Gothic style, modelled on the French cathedral of Amiens. The reason lies in the history of the cathedral construction: The upper parts of the towers date from the 14th and 15th centuries, They are not of equal height: The top of the south tower is of a Rayonnant Gothic style while the north tower is of a Flamboyant Gothic style. while two are in the front of the central buttresses of the faade. The centre of this great design would therefore symbolise heavenly Jerusalem or the hereafter. The strong structure has three floors of windows and a series of buttresses and flying buttresses. In 2020 the cathedral celebrates its 800th anniversary since the laying of its first stone. Luzarches, was constructed rapidly up to the cornice over the The base of the trumeau comprises of bas-relief carvings of the original sin. Life of a Cathedral: Notre-Dame of Amiens Amiens Cathedral Choir, north flank To the right, the bishop's palace and above that, the east side of the north transept; to the left, Viollet-le-Duc's winter chapel c.1850. boat. Begun, like Laon and Bourges, during the Early Gothic, its transepts were later redesigned in the Rayonnant style by Jean de Chelles then Pierre de Montreuil. The paving of the nave has a series of designs restored in the 19th century. Bible moralise (moralized bibles) . It reaches a record height of 112.7 metres but was rebuilt in 1528 after a fire). Why was Amiens Cathedral such an important building? Amiens Cathedral is renowned for the quality and quantity of early 13th century Gothic sculpture in the main west facade and the south transept portal, and a large quantity of polychrome sculpture from later periods inside the building. The chimeras have a duty to watch over the city, like the famous mythical animals of Notre-Dame de Paris, added by Viollet-le-Duc. . This destruction only reignited the passion of builders and benefactors for the project. If you are planning a trip, the use of these links helps us to run the site. rose window including the lower belfries: bells were hanging in the The building itself is cruciform in shape, with the apse facing the east and entrance towards the west, a common orientation for churches. Architect: Robert of Luzarches, Thomas de Cormont ,Renaud de Cormont, Pierre Tarisel. Cultivated in the region, the plant was used in dying woollen fabric and built the fortunes of Amiens middle class. Therefore Amiens cathedral was operational, even though builders had not completed the towers of the faade at that time. The poor state of Amiens cathedral was of concern for Eugne Viollet-le-Duc. Amiens Cathedral is 145 metres long in total (the longest in France) and the nave is 54 m long. The Notre Dame . The three portals of the western faades are, left to right: Like the one of the south transept, the portals of the western faade are lavishly decorated of sculptures. The 6-ribbed was i. Master Robert of Luzarches laid out the straight part of the chevet At the top of the great faade, the architect added a gallery known as Galerie des Sonneurs (Gallery of Bell Ringers). the cloister to the south. It functioned historically as the principal town of Wiltshire and is the seat of an Anglican bishop. Please check your email address / username and password and try again. the cathedral allowing layfolk to interact with the liturgical ). Generally ranked as one of the three chief examples of Gothic French architecture (along with Amiens Cathedral and Reims Cathedral), it is noted not only for its architectural innovations but also for its numerous sculptures and its much . Part of the story concerns Hildegards project of building a church for her new foundation, which she wants to imitate the French style, i.e. In fact, under the reign of Philip-Augustus (13th century), the town enjoyed a virtual monopoly of the woad trade. Viollet-le-Duc changed the original statue of St Michael slaying a dragon. A gothic cathedral should have flying buttresses to support the outer walls and Amiens cathedral gets a passing grade on that account. Construction began in 1220. flying buttresses, Strasbourg, France Cathedral. Unlike Reims Cathedral, Amiens has preserved its labyrinth. Some of the building elements that suffered the most damage as a result of the earthquake were the six flying buttresses on the Cathedral's east end. According to tradition, it belonged to John the Baptist. The wood-and-lead central steeple rises some 112m. In order to achieve its height and accommodate large windows for more light, the cathedrals external walls had to be propped by flying buttresses, an architectural invention that counteracts the lateral forces that push walls outwards due to the weight of the vaulted ceiling. The cathedral was featured in an episode of the PBS science show NOVA as an example of design flaws that now threaten the structural integrity of Gothic cathedrals. The original builders placed the buttresses too high, and over time the excessive forces caused the arcs of the buttresses to buckle. Amiens Cathedral (Cathdrale Notre Dame d'Amiens) is an early 13 th -century Gothic masterpiece of superlatives. Like the one of the nave, its elevation has three levels: In the axis of the choir, you can see in the central high window a large colourful stained glass window. In fact, there are no statues or sculptures apart from the statue of St. Firmin on the trumeau. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. in the 1220s; Thomas de Cormont added the hemicycle and In 1218, a lightning strike on the roof destroyed the cathedral. The Largest Cathedral in France. . How surprising is the extremely elegant chevet of Amiens Cathedral! Chimeras, in contrast to gargoyles, do not have a purely decorative function. Rose Window (redesigned in the 16th C in Flamboyant Gothic style). EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Limited Or Anthology Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Supporting Actor In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actor In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie. Building Purpose: to replace a smaller church that had burned down in 1218. Therefore he immediately began work on strengthening the flying buttresses of the nave and transept. To the left, from the exterior to the interior are Queen Sheba, King Solomon, King Herod the Great and the three Wise Men. Did you know that Amiens Cathedralis the largest gothic structure in France? East end (chevet), view depicting flying buttresses; The cathedral, dedicated to Notre-Dame, is a classic example of 13th-century architecture and sculpture. The outer buttresses are extended vertically to form free- Architects took the opportunity to elaborately decorate the buttress in Flamboyant Gothic Style. Generations of churchgoers were lucky, but it was clear that that luck would one day run out. The cathedral hosted royal occasions, such as the marriage of Charles VI and Isabeau of Bavaria in 1385. Amiens Cathedral by Myles Zhang Loading 3D model Western Frontispiece The Amiens frontispiece features the "classic" Gothic combination of three great portals and two towers similar to that of Laon Cathedral (c.1200). Flanders (where the textile industry was flourishing), and the famous fairs of Champagne. Work started again and continued at a good pace until 1269, the year that the choir was completed. This Flamboyant Gothic style rose window dates from the 16th century. The Amiens frontispiece, begun c.1220 by Master Robert de In 1284, only twelve years after completion, part of the choir vault collapsed, along with a few flying buttresses. So many exquisite examples still stand and are in use after nearly a thousand years that I was quite surprised to find out that one church has a curious design flaw that had once threatened its very survival. In 1375, a buttress had to be constructed to support it. Flying buttresses highlighted in red, Amiens Cathedral, begun 1220 (photo: Steven Zucker, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) The Portal Sculpture Through a series of intertwined images, each portal tells a story important to the Christian Church and the local Christian community through its stately sculpture. You do not currently have access to this content. Gothic architecture, on the other hand, focused on height and lightdespite being constructed from heavy stone, Gothic cathedrals seem to defy the laws of gravity. Above the It attracted Amiens many princes from France and elsewhere. The pilgrims who came to venerate the relics of John the Baptist that were brought back in 1206, had the tradition of walking along with it on their knees by following the black line. According to the legend, the sculptor was uninspired to create the statue. TimesMojo is a social question-and-answer website where you can get all the answers to your questions. Arguing that the deployment of the first such flyers responded to special circumstances at each of the buildings in question, the authors proceed to test the structural performance of the newfangled flyers of the Amiens choir and to correlate the findings with an archaeological investigation of the edifice itself. The double row of flying buttresses in Amiens / Image: Jacques 76250 on Wikimedia Commons. The Gallery of Kings supports an open and paved terrace. Author of Historical Fiction and Mysteries. The choir walls which date from the beginning of the 15th century were largely removed. Opening from the The tympanum recounts various events in the life of Saint-Honoratus, the eighth bishop of Amiens, who lived in the 6th century. Indeed this enormous edifice covers 7,700 m2. The two arms of the transept each have three bays and two side aisles, one to the west and the other to the east. The Cathedral of Amiens, in the heart of Picardy, is the tallest . The supposed skull of John the Baptist! later: the north side c.1360s and the south c.1400. Notre Dame Cathedral located on eastern part of Ile de la Cite, Paris France, is the most notable and among the first Gothic buildings in the world to employ the flying buttress, according to Toker (31). On that latter year, a fire tore through the apse chapels. If this happens, the flying buttresses on Notre Dame's . Pierre is the author of the Discovery Course on the Secrets of the Eiffel Tower and the Christmas book "Voyage au Pays de Nol". New statues and a remarkable cathedra of Baroque style appeared at this time. It is the most beautiful and important stained glass window of the cathedral. It shows how this cathedral, which embodies the unity of Germany, is both a Gothic archetype and a building of the 19th century. Decoration includes gables, statues, gargoyles and pinnacles. Discover what inspired Pierre to create this blog about France! clerestory. Eventually, people would dub Amiens great collection of statues: The Bible of Amiens. the nascent Gothic style (though, of course, she would not know it under that name). However, they miraculously spared the cathedral. While work first began on the cathedral in 1248, it was only finally completed in 1880, with its design largely based on that of Amiens Cathedral. There are countless gargoyles at the top parts of the cathedral. And along with the flying buttress that allows Gothic architects to open up the walls to allow for this light is the use of the ribbed groin vault. Media Center for Art History, Life of a Cathedral: Notre-Dame of Amiens. constructed the main arcade and aisle vaults in the 1230s and It is notable for the coherence of its plan, the beauty of its three-tier interior elevation and the particularly fine display of sculptures on the principal facade and in the south transept. By 1288, the lions share of the cathedrals structure had been completed. We find them in the heights of the cathedral, on balustrades or at the top of buttresses where they replace pinnacles. Then at the top are the two towers that architect Viollet-le-Duc linked together with the Gallery of Bell Ringers in the 19th century. What was the purpose of flying buttresses on Gothic cathedrals? Change). Bishop Guillaume de Mcon oversaw the completion of work on the transept spire. The Amiens frontispiece features the classic Gothic combination It carries the surname of The Rose of the Sea. The choir Here are a few websites and blogs about Amiens Cathedral that you might find useful: The cathedral is open every day from 7.30 am to 7.30 pm (7.15 pm on Sunday and celebration days). and blood of Christ. The towers were the last parts of the structure to build. In the past, flying buttresses were built on the ground and then raised into place. It is the tallest complete cathedral in France (139 ft/42.3m). Looking for activities and things to do in Amiens and the surrounding region of Picardy? NARRATOR: The original builders placed the flying buttress too high to counteract the force of the ceiling arch pushing outwards. The . The north portal is dedicated to Saint Firmin. Amiens, architecture, bombing, building, buttress, cathedral, church, construction, France, history, inspiration, medieval, medieval history, medieval times, Middle Ages, religion, research, WW2. While documents agree that the stone was quarried locally I've never seen anything that was able to identify the type of stone. 2022 Times Mojo - All Rights Reserved This means that the clerestory wall grows taller, and the flying buttress pair moves upward as a consequence. Flying buttresses were also used at the same time to support the upper walls of the apse at the Church of Saint-Germain-des-Prs, which was completed in 1131. pavement with bells in its lowest level and relics of the saints Via rib vaults and flying buttresses, the film explores Gothic architectural vocabulary and its construction methods. Copyright 2017 The following facts and figures show why the cathedral Notre-Dame dAmiens ranks among the greatest churches of France. Answer: Ribbed vaulting and flying butresses are typical for the gothic style, but were already in use earlier on. Robert de Luzarches, Thomas de Cormont, and Renaud de Cormont, Amiens Cathedral, begun 1220, Amiens, France On December 17, 1206, a crusader from Picardy and a canon, Wallon de Sarton, brought the Bishop of Amiens, Richard de Gerberoy, a priceless relic. Under the impulse of the new Bishop Geoffroy dEu and the architect Thomas de Cormont, donations continued to fund the great work. Here, abelard focuses on the exterior buttressing. Read about the 40 best attractions and cities to stop in between Thiepval and Arles-sur-Tech, including places like Paris, Cathdrale Notre-Dame de Paris, and Sacr-Cur They were replaced with rococo style railings in 1768. And search more of iStock's library of royalty-free stock images that features Amiens photos available for quick and easy download. But there was still no side support toward the bottom, where the wall began to crack. Often they are very high and are real pieces of statuary. They separate and securely frame the three portals. Galerie des Sonneurs added by Viollet-le-Duc in the 19th C. the central portal or Portal of the Last Judgement. View of the East-end of the Notre-Dame de Paris cathedral in the. The depicted characters work in the country fields and wear different clothes according to seasons. This roof terrace is between the Gallery of Bell Ringers and the western end of the attic of the nave. That said, various works continued to embellish the cathedral from the 14th century up until the French Revolution. large archways overlooking the side aisles, The rose window of the south transept arm, the Rose of Heaven, is of a Flamboyant Gothic style. Amiens Cathedral, flying buttresses. What was the Salisbury The choir includes four bays, as well as a seven-sided apse. Today, the cathedral Notre-Dame dAmiens remains the loftiest and tallest building of Picardy (112.70m), ahead of the Perret tower dating from 1949 and 104m high. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Report Content | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. The stone is actually a copy. An impressive feat of architecture, Amiens cathedral is one of the largest in Europe and became a Unesco World Heritage site in 1981. God would have appeared before him in the middle of the night. Though the Amiens Cathedral was renamed Oublie Cathedral. You can also have interesting glimpses of the cathedral from Place Saint-Michel (on the chevet), Parc de lEvch, Rue Robert de Luzarches (on the transept) and, further away, from the picturesque Rue de la Dodane. Dissatisfaction with the site and poor relations with the garrison in the castle caused the cathedral to be moved to its present site in Salisbury (New Sarum) in the 1220s, although royal approval for this move had been given much earlier, in 1194. They built it in a very short time (1220-1236). By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to, A 1713 Inventory of European Engravings for the Chinese Emperor, The Key to a New Reading of Royal Achaemenid Architecture, The Citadel Theatre of Edmonton and the Cruel Optimism of a Bygone Petroleum Age. It seems quite probable that the patron, Archbishop Konrad von . Viewers then move through the complex system of flying buttresses that support the cathedral vaults. It also includes specific coverage of the Cathars Heresy and the Papal Palace in Avignon. By scrolling down to this point, you have officially browsed the entire website of French Moments! Within fabric of town What's purpose of portals? RF KN6X33 - Rear Back Garden Overcast Skies Flying Buttresses Notre Dame Cathedral Paris France. As a result of this shift, even the bottom of the lower flyer now abuts the wall significantly above the vault springer, a position unseen at similar buildings (e.g. (headevoking the head of Christ on the Cross). Shop affordable wall art to hang in d. Everything's 25% off right now. Over 500 pages it focuses on the development of Gothic architecture with many illustrations and photographs, but not only. Flying buttresses on a Gothic building. He has a background teaching French, Economics and Current Affairs, and holds a Master of Translating and Interpreting English-French with the degree of Master of International Relations, and a degree of Economics and Management. The idea of letting light into the church, of opening up the walls and that spiritual quality of light so important to the Gothic architects. ALL THE FRENCH TRADITIONS OF CHRISTMAS EXPLAINED! Its height under the vault is 42.3 metres, the second in France behind Beauvais Cathedral (48m), but ahead ofMetz Cathedral (41.77m) and Chartres Cathedral (37m). This movement was due to intellectuals such as Victor Hugo, the author of the novel Notre-Dame de Paris. the 1220s; the upper nave was completed by Master Thomas de This gallery is lined with large openings which lit the central nave of the cathedral however before the installation of the great organ. It is also the tallest complete cathedral in France. Indeed Viollet-le-Ducs addition of completely new components which never existed in the Middle Ages made a sensation. It made the cathedral stronger and so protected it for the centuries to come. The cathedral Notre-Dame dAmiens has suffered little in the troubled period of the French Revolution. The central part of the faade has eight statues 3.75 metres high. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/991315. This paper seeks to explore the structural significance of flying buttress in Notre Dame Cathedral. These forces arise from vaulted ceilings of stone and from wind-loading of roofs. The south transept arm provided a Their presence ensures the stability of both the faade and the two towers that it supports. The rose window of the north transept arm, or Compass Rose is of a Rayonnant Gothic style. The cross section of the Amiens Cathedral. Succeeding from Geoffroy dEu, Bishop Arnoult oversaw the creation of the choir and the construction of the apse chapels. On their sides is a little quadrangular turret at the side buttresses, each containing a spiral staircase. What do Amiens Cathedral, Flying buttress and Eugne Viollet-le-Duc have in common. This blog Pierre Guernier forFrench Moments Ltd Ltd, 2012-2022 All Rights Reserved Developed byAnnecy Web, __CONFIG_colors_palette__{"active_palette":0,"config":{"colors":{"c65f1":{"name":"Main Accent","parent":-1}},"gradients":[]},"palettes":[{"name":"Default","value":{"colors":{"c65f1":{"val":"var(--tcb-skin-color-22)","hsl":{"h":0,"s":0.01,"l":0.01,"a":1}}},"gradients":[]},"original":{"colors":{"c65f1":{"val":"rgb(57, 163, 209)","hsl":{"h":198,"s":0.62,"l":0.52,"a":1}}},"gradients":[]}}]}__CONFIG_colors_palette__, __CONFIG_colors_palette__{"active_palette":0,"config":{"colors":{"f3080":{"name":"Main Accent","parent":-1},"f2bba":{"name":"Main Light 10","parent":"f3080"},"trewq":{"name":"Main Light 30","parent":"f3080"},"poiuy":{"name":"Main Light 80","parent":"f3080"},"f83d7":{"name":"Main Light 80","parent":"f3080"},"frty6":{"name":"Main Light 45","parent":"f3080"},"flktr":{"name":"Main Light 80","parent":"f3080"}},"gradients":[]},"palettes":[{"name":"Default","value":{"colors":{"f3080":{"val":"rgb(23, 23, 22)"},"f2bba":{"val":"rgba(23, 23, 22, 0.5)","hsl_parent_dependency":{"h":60,"l":0.09,"s":0.02}},"trewq":{"val":"rgba(23, 23, 22, 0.7)","hsl_parent_dependency":{"h":60,"l":0.09,"s":0.02}},"poiuy":{"val":"rgba(23, 23, 22, 0.35)","hsl_parent_dependency":{"h":60,"l":0.09,"s":0.02}},"f83d7":{"val":"rgba(23, 23, 22, 0.4)","hsl_parent_dependency":{"h":60,"l":0.09,"s":0.02}},"frty6":{"val":"rgba(23, 23, 22, 0.2)","hsl_parent_dependency":{"h":60,"l":0.09,"s":0.02}},"flktr":{"val":"rgba(23, 23, 22, 0.8)","hsl_parent_dependency":{"h":60,"l":0.09,"s":0.02}}},"gradients":[]},"original":{"colors":{"f3080":{"val":"rgb(23, 23, 22)","hsl":{"h":60,"s":0.02,"l":0.09}},"f2bba":{"val":"rgba(23, 23, 22, 0.5)","hsl_parent_dependency":{"h":60,"s":0.02,"l":0.09,"a":0.5}},"trewq":{"val":"rgba(23, 23, 22, 0.7)","hsl_parent_dependency":{"h":60,"s":0.02,"l":0.09,"a":0.7}},"poiuy":{"val":"rgba(23, 23, 22, 0.35)","hsl_parent_dependency":{"h":60,"s":0.02,"l":0.09,"a":0.35}},"f83d7":{"val":"rgba(23, 23, 22, 0.4)","hsl_parent_dependency":{"h":60,"s":0.02,"l":0.09,"a":0.4}},"frty6":{"val":"rgba(23, 23, 22, 0.2)","hsl_parent_dependency":{"h":60,"s":0.02,"l":0.09,"a":0.2}},"flktr":{"val":"rgba(23, 23, 22, 0.8)","hsl_parent_dependency":{"h":60,"s":0.02,"l":0.09,"a":0.8}}},"gradients":[]}}]}__CONFIG_colors_palette__, {"email":"Email address invalid","url":"Website address invalid","required":"Required field missing"}, __CONFIG_colors_palette__{"active_palette":0,"config":{"colors":{"f3080":{"name":"Main Accent","parent":-1},"f2bba":{"name":"Main Light 10","parent":"f3080"},"trewq":{"name":"Main Light 30","parent":"f3080"},"poiuy":{"name":"Main Light 80","parent":"f3080"},"f83d7":{"name":"Main Light 80","parent":"f3080"},"frty6":{"name":"Main Light 45","parent":"f3080"},"flktr":{"name":"Main Light 80","parent":"f3080"}},"gradients":[]},"palettes":[{"name":"Default","value":{"colors":{"f3080":{"val":"rgb(23, 23, 22)"},"f2bba":{"val":"rgba(22, 23, 22, 0.5)","hsl_parent_dependency":{"h":120,"l":0.09,"s":0.02}},"trewq":{"val":"rgba(22, 23, 22, 0.7)","hsl_parent_dependency":{"h":120,"l":0.09,"s":0.02}},"poiuy":{"val":"rgba(22, 23, 22, 0.35)","hsl_parent_dependency":{"h":120,"l":0.09,"s":0.02}},"f83d7":{"val":"rgba(22, 23, 22, 0.4)","hsl_parent_dependency":{"h":120,"l":0.09,"s":0.02}},"frty6":{"val":"rgba(22, 23, 22, 0.2)","hsl_parent_dependency":{"h":120,"l":0.09,"s":0.02}},"flktr":{"val":"rgba(22, 23, 22, 0.8)","hsl_parent_dependency":{"h":120,"l":0.09,"s":0.02}}},"gradients":[]},"original":{"colors":{"f3080":{"val":"rgb(23, 23, 22)","hsl":{"h":60,"s":0.02,"l":0.09}},"f2bba":{"val":"rgba(23, 23, 22, 0.5)","hsl_parent_dependency":{"h":60,"s":0.02,"l":0.09,"a":0.5}},"trewq":{"val":"rgba(23, 23, 22, 0.7)","hsl_parent_dependency":{"h":60,"s":0.02,"l":0.09,"a":0.7}},"poiuy":{"val":"rgba(23, 23, 22, 0.35)","hsl_parent_dependency":{"h":60,"s":0.02,"l":0.09,"a":0.35}},"f83d7":{"val":"rgba(23, 23, 22, 0.4)","hsl_parent_dependency":{"h":60,"s":0.02,"l":0.09,"a":0.4}},"frty6":{"val":"rgba(23, 23, 22, 0.2)","hsl_parent_dependency":{"h":60,"s":0.02,"l":0.09,"a":0.2}},"flktr":{"val":"rgba(23, 23, 22, 0.8)","hsl_parent_dependency":{"h":60,"s":0.02,"l":0.09,"a":0.8}}},"gradients":[]}}]}__CONFIG_colors_palette__, Explore Amiens Cathedral, Frances largest church. However, from 1240 the budget was exhausted and construction had to slow down. The portals have been cleaned during the 1990s with a procedure using a laser. With the cathedrals of Chartres and Reims it is considered one of the classical French cathedrals of the Middle Ages. During the Second World War, the successive bombings of the Germans (1940) and of the Allies (1944) caused numerous damages in the city of Amiens. Designed by many artists who were given artistic freedom, these creatures are all different and have a variety that is close to infinite. center point corresponding to the principal altar where the Buttresses support the the weight of roof and walls, preventing the walls from collapsing outwards under the weight. The flying buttress was the architectural lifesaver, the necessary key to achieve the goals of reaching the heavens and letting in maximum light. The cathedral suffered from the First World War under the German troops fire. In the 19th century, the cathedral benefited from the fashion days of Gothic art in Europe. This is Notre Dame d'Amiens, the Cathedral of Our Lady of Amiens, located in Amiens, France. Transfer of weight of walls to keep them from pushing outward Allowed building to go higher but also added skeletal lightness to building Purpose of spire? The ambitious bishop wanted to build an edifice unequalled by all other cathedrals of Christendom. The cathedral was begun in the year 1218. 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