RIAA equalization is a form of pre-emphasis on recording and de-emphasis on playback. Turntable Drive Systems. Models. bookshelf loudspeaker . Turn the phono preamplifier located inside the turntable ON by placing the preamp selector switch located on the rear of the turntable in the LINE position, then connect the turntables red and white RCA male plugs to either the SA-CD/CD, BD/DVD, SAT/CAT, or TV Audio In jacks on the rear of your receiver. As explained in the Privacy Policy, Our Website uses cookies to improve your experience and to analyze our website traffic. trajan. 27, No. Refined, distinguished and in an affordable price range, the 310LP elevates the performance of your turntable to higher levels. Fosi Audio Box X2 Phono Preamp for MM Turntable Phonograph Preamplifier, https://static.slickdealscdn.com/imalies/frown.gif, Amazon Echo Dot Smart Speaker (2nd Generation, Used: Good), Cam v3 Wired Home Security Camera with 3-Months Cam Plus Included (2-Pack), Super Puzzle Fighter II Turbo (Nintendo Switch Digital), Select Home Depot Stores: ecobee SmartThermostat w/ Voice Control, Military, Healthcare, and First Responders Discount: Get Up to 40% Off, Save Extra 10% Off Sitewide with Promo Code, Save Up to 43% Off Select Alienware Monitors, Take An Extra 15% Off Weslock Door Hardware, Crocs & other shoes starting from $11.99 on Woot. Winner of 12 awards, the 340i X can easily be the centerpiece of your music and entertainment system. No hi-fi is an island entire of itself; every component is a piece of the system, a part of the mains.John Donne, from The Compleat Audiophile, 1623 . [5] Columbia disclosed a recording characteristic showing that it was like the NAB curve in the treble, but had more bass boost or pre-emphasis below about 150Hz. If you purchase something through a post on our site, Slickdeals may get a small share of the sale. This unique external power supply can provide power to up to two units without any problem. The purpose was to record higher modulation levels on the record. Our newly developed slot vents utilized both internal and external flares allowing for lower noise and high bass output for improved low frequency dynamics. The MOON 240i Integrated Amplifier is a proper start into high quality Hi-Fi music system. MOON devices are designed with the intention that these intimate moments with the artist endure and remain authentic, for life. McIntosh turntables combine our classic design with modern styling elements, creating a unique piece to add to your home audio system. The PLX-500 inherits the layout of the PLX-1000 professional turntable and produces a warm, clear analogue sound. [2] This cannot be compensated for by a simple zero even if it were necessary, and in any case, other amplifiers will differ. The time constants of the Teldec characteristic are 3180s (approximately 50Hz), 318s (approximately 500Hz), and 50s (approximately 3183Hz), thus differing only in the third value from the corresponding RIAA values. That is what we have been Nevertheless, the use of the erroneous zero remains a subject of some debate among amateur enthusiasts. This meant that as frequency increased in the treble, recording amplitude decreased. Simple and versatile, the ACE is the most complete solution to walk your first steps into the HiFi world. Nevertheless, the DIN Standards proposal was adopted in April 1959 (DIN 45533:1959, DIN 45536:1959, and DIN 45537:1959), that is, at a time when the RIAA characteristic was already well-established; and it was in effect until November 1962, when the German DIN finally adopted the RIAA characteristic (DIN 45536:1962 and DIN 45537:1962). The lateral-cut NAB curve was remarkably similar to the NBC Orthacoustic curve, which evolved from practices within the National Broadcasting Company since the mid-1930s. Your vinyls now have a new best friend. MOON PRODUCTS ARE NOW MORE CONNECTED THAN EVER, RESPECT FOR OUR ARTISTS AND SOUND QUALITY, LET THE 680D TRANSFORM YOUR LISTENING EXPERIENCE. Powell, James R., Jr. and Randall G. Stehle. CX. Together with the heavy platter, it provides a precisely controlled speed with very low levels of wow and flutter distortion. 62, No. spartacus 300. Looks exactly the same, just different Chinese brand. The low output moving coil design (0.3mV) requires a higher mass tonearm; opening the door to used Fidelity Research, SME, or EMT arms or more expensive modern arms from Practically every 20th century hi-fi preamplifier, integrated amplifier and receiver featured a built-in phono preamplifier with the RIAA characteristic. What else could you possibly ask for? Voir les dtails, Clientes internacionales pueden comparer en www.bestbuy.com y enviar sus pedidos a cualquier domicilio o tienda en EE. If records were engineered to sound good on hi-fi amplifiers using the AES curve, this would be a worthy goal towards standardization. Fosi Audio Box X2 Phono Preamp for MM Turntable Phonograph Preamplifier with Gain Gear Mini Stereo Audio Hi-Fi Pre-Amplifier for Record Player with DC 12V Power Supply. In order to hear music from vinyl through your speakers or stereo system, you first need to boost the signal. In 1976, an alternative version of the replay curve (but not the recording curve) was proposed by the International Electrotechnical Commission, differing from the RIAA replay curve only in the addition of a pole at 7950s (approximately 20Hz). Slickdeals, LLC. When the RIAA equalization standard was written the inherent bandwidth limitations of the recording equipment and cutting amplifier imposed their own ultimate upper limit on the pre-emphasis characteristic, so no official upper limit was included in the RIAA definition. 2022 The Audio ExpertsABN 22 146 483 963, Arcam VOP13254B 4K-8K card for AVR & AV Processor, Audio Pro Drumfire Wireless Speaker - Grey, Audio Pro Drumfire Wireless Speaker - White, Audio Pro D1 Wireless Multi-room Speaker - White, Audio Pro D1 Wireless Multi-room Speaker - Black, Audio Pro Addon C5 Alexa Wireless Speaker - White, Audio Pro Addon C5 Alexa Wireless Speaker - Black, Audio Pro Addon C3 Portable Wireless Speaker - White, Audio Pro Addon C3 Portable Wireless Speaker - Black, Audio Pro Addon C10 Multi-connected Wireless Speaker - Black, Audio Pro Addon C10 Multi-connected Wireless Speaker - White. However, this can add an extra step in processing a sample, and may amplify audio quality deficiencies of the sound card being used to capture the signal. "ELAC's new Carina BS243.4 loudspeaker sounded more refined than any similarly priced loudspeaker I know of", An unbelievable value in speakers. sound - a turntable crafted with rare care and distinction. And they might actually be the best ELAC speakers Ive ever heard. For example, what Brunswick-Balke-Collender (Brunswick Corporation) did was different from the practices of Victor. 37, No. As more modern designs omitted the phonograph inputs, add-on phono preamplifiers with the RIAA equalization curve I think that these are the best sounding Uni-Fi speakers Ive ever heard. 'On RIAA Equalization Networks' by Stanley P. Lipshitz, Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Vol. Pro-Ject Tube Box DS2 Phono Preamplifier. 3, March 2009, pp. Joe N Tell. $1,799 . 7, July 1953, pp. The obvious consequence was that different reproduction results were obtained if the recording and playback filtering were not matched. Denon DL-103 ($349) Denon introduced the DL-103 in 1962 for professional broadcast use, and it has proven to be of the most popular and reliable phono cartridges of its kind. Direct Drive Turntable with Bluetooth aptX HD ALVA ST. Belt Drive Turntable with Bluetooth aptX HD View All View All Turntables View All. The Audio Experts is your one-stop Hi-Fi and Audio Visual store and with six distinct demonstration rooms in our expansive showroom youre sure to feel inspired. Behringer Microphono PP400. THOMAS SCHNEIDER team leader quality management. 'Disc Playback Characteristics', Letter to the Editor by J. D. Collinson, Wireless World, Vol. 4 to 'Processed Disk Records and Reproducing Equipment' (IEC 60098, 2nd Edition, January 1964), IEC Publication 60098/AMD4, Geneva, Switzerland, September 1976 (withdrawn in June 2009). The MOON Voice 22 Loudspeaker completes the realization of our dream to offer an all-MOON music system. Mathematically, the pre-emphasis transfer function is expressed as follows, where T1=3180s, T2=318s, T3=75s:[3]. differential balanced 300b tube preamplifier. Special preamplifiers are also available for the various equalization curves used on pre-1954 records. In 1995, a nonacademic source erroneously suggested that Neumann cutting amplifiers applied a single high-frequency pole at 3.18s (about 50kHz) and that a complementary zero should therefore be included upon playback. A new cast chassis was designed to minimize reflections back to the cone resulting in better clarity. This black Audio-Technica AT-LP120XUSB-BK Analog and USB Direct Drive Turntable turntable features a DC servo direct-drive motor, along with adjustable dynamic anti-skate control and selectable phono preamplifier. International customers can shop on www.bestbuy.com and have orders shipped to any U.S. address or U.S. store. Rediscover your classic 33-1/3 and 45 RPM records on this affordable, fully automatic belt-drive turntable. Rediscover. Before this time, electrical recording technology from company to company was considered a proprietary art all the way back to the 1925 Western Electric licensed method first used by Columbia and Victor. It defines transition points in three places: 75s, 318s and 3180s, which correspond to 2122Hz, 500Hz and 50Hz (rounded values). It boasts a solid metal platter over a sub-platter system to dampen unwanted resonance and noise. 2022 McIntosh Laboratory, Inc. Building on the success and performance of the Uni-Fi 2.0 series, Uni-Fi Reference is not merely a name, but the defining characteristic of a product that has been refined for maximum performance and style. It seemed big - the imaging was massive, it had a deep sound stage. See More Details, Les clients internationaux peuvent magasiner au www.bestbuy.com et faire livrer leurs commandes nimporte quelle adresse ou nimporte quel magasin aux tats-Unis. Nevertheless, the curve was not yet based on mathematical formulae, at least not explicitly. And they might actually be the best ELAC speakers Ive ever heard. [4] Practically every 20th century hi-fi preamplifier, integrated amplifier and receiver featured a built-in phono preamplifier with the RIAA characteristic. Don't walk, run out and listen to the ELAC DEBUT 2.0 SERIES, Incredibly detailed, incredibly revealing speaker with sumptuous imaging and delicious depth that won't break the bank. Refined, distinguished and in an affordable price range, the 310LP elevates the performance of your turntable to higher levels. Playback equalization for 78rpm shellacs and pre-RIAA LPs (EQ curves, index of record labels): This page was last edited on 23 September 2022, at 17:51. MRC-501 Turntable; MRC-601 Turntable; Line 300. cb tonearm. 'AES Standard Playback Curve', Audio Engineering, Vol. [2] This IEC Amendment was withdrawn in June 2009, though. When the Columbia LP was released in June 1948, the developers subsequently published technical information about the 3313rpm, microgroove, long-playing record. What can I say, the ELAC guys did it again. Incidentally, this Standards proposal defined exactly the same characteristic as the intermediate CCIR Recommendation No. The NAB, among other items, issued recording standards in 1942 and 1949 for laterally and vertically cut records, principally transcriptions. 3, No. Parasound's Halo P 6 preamplifier, priced at $1,595, is the successor to the company's wildly popular Halo P 5. Put people of all horizons, nationality and culture in tune. What is a phono preamp? Preamplifier Preamplifier Power Amplifier Power Amplifier Integrated Amplifier Turntable CD-Player Network Products Power Amplifier 216 & 218 "We have thought in exactly the right direction." Regular price $1,299 Sale price $1,039 20% OFF View. GOgroove Mini Phono Turntable Preamp Preamplifier with 12 Volt DC Adapter, RCA Input for Vinyl Record Player - Compatible with Audio Technica, Crosley, Jensen, Pioneer, 1byone and More Turntables . Some niche record cutters possibly were still using EQ curves other than the RIAA curve well into the 1970s. The net result is a flat frequency response, but with attenuation of high-frequency noise such as hiss and clicks that arise from the recording medium. Some modern turntables feature built-in preamplification to the RIAA standard. You gave thanks to CoolCabbage253 for this post. Sign up for a Slickdeals account to remove this ad. Digital audio editors often feature the ability to equalize audio samples using standard and custom equalization curves, removing the need for a dedicated hardware preamplifier when capturing audio with a computer. Pre-fitted & aligned out of the box, enjoy clean, articulate sounds powered by a built-in preamplifier; Bluetooth transmitter. [9] However, although these standards were all identical, no universal name was used. A modern home audio system for modern lifestyles, Turntable, preamplifier and amplifier all in one. Pair with other Yamaha Hi-Fi components for exceptional sound and streaming capabilities. 1922 and 5354. This meant that the electrical recording characteristics of Western Electric licensees such as Columbia Records and Victor Talking Machine Company had a higher amplitude in the midrange region. Models. Models. For example, the RIAA pre-emphasis in the popular Neumann SAB 74B equalizer reaches a maximum at 100kHz, and in addition to this, the circuit also applies a second-order roll off at 49.9kHz, implemented by a Butterworth (maximally flat) active filter, plus an additional pole at 482kHz. Please Select AX. 1113. Some phono preamplifiers include additional circuitry to correct this and ensure that the output follows the RIAA curve accurately. Fosi Audio Box X2 Phono Preamp for MM Turntable Phonograph Preamplifier with Gain Gear Mini Stereo Audio Hi-Fi Pre-Amplifier for Record Player with DC 12V Power Supply: Manufacturer: Fosi Audio: Model Number: BOX X2: Product SKU: B07XNTHHBP About the OP . Therefore, attenuating the bass frequencies was necessary below about 250Hz, the bass turnover point, in the amplified microphone signal fed to the recording head. On-Wall Speakers; In-Wall Architectural Speakers; In-Ceiling Architectural Speakers; Outdoor Speakers; Movie & [15], Specification for the recording and playback of phonograph records, 'Cut and Thrust: RIAA LP Equalization' by Keith Howard, Stereophile, Vol. Modern systems have far wider potential bandwidth. It eventually became the technical predecessor to the RIAA curve. The official RIAA standard defines three time-constants with pre-emphasis rising indefinitely above 75s, but in practice this is not possible. G. H. Miller in 1934 reported that when complementary boost at the turnover point was used in radio broadcasts of records, the reproduction was more realistic and many of the musical instruments stood out in their true form. Tube Box S2 is our very first product to feature a fully discreet circuit design without using any operational amplifiers (OpAmps). Featuring a DAC, preamplifier, headphone amplifier, phono stage and network streaming capability, it is a truly flexible music system. We use cookies to improve your experience on this website. ART DJPREII Phono Preamplifier. [2] This implies two or more additional time constants to those defined by the RIAA curve. The perfect link between your digital music librairies and your HiFi system, the MiND2 Network Player allows you to access your music collection at any time! As a result, this practice was the empirical beginning of using pre-emphasis above 1,000Hz in 78 and 33.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}13 rpm records, some 29 years before the RIAA curve. This is where a phono preamplifier comes in. Create a listening experience with the Yamaha TT-S303 turntable. For the first time, the MOON name has its own voice. Create a deal alert for Tech & Electronics. As more modern designs omitted the phonograph inputs, add-on phono preamplifiers with the RIAA equalization curve have come available. Great out of the box and impressively upgradeable, the Carbon VTA is an excellent turntable for new vinyl fans and seasoned enthusiasts alike. Monday-Friday 8:30am-5:30pm Pacific info@upscaleaudio.com 909.931.9686 DEMOS BY APPOINTMENT. Efforts were started in 1942 to standardize within the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB), later known as the National Association of Radio and Television Broadcasters. Give Thanks Send Message. step - up transformer. sirens . 4.3 out of 5 stars 1,416 ratings | 155 answered questions . 2, October-November 1957, pp. The simple first-order roll-off also provides only very mild reduction of rumble,[11] and many manufacturers consider that turntables, arm, and cartridge combinations should be of sufficient quality for problems not to arise. Just connect your loudspeakers and internet, and let the music play! UU. Thats what weve been aiming for every day for 40 years. CoolCabbage253 posted this deal. Evidence from the early technical literature concerning electrical recording suggests that serious efforts to standardize recording characteristics within an industry did not occur until 19421949. Reducing the low frequencies also limits the excursions the cutter needs to make when cutting a groove. 'The Columbia Long-Playing Microgroove Recording System' by P. C. Goldmark, R. Snepvangers, and W. S. Bachman, Proceedings of the IRE, Vol. 2022 Simaudio Ltd. All rights reserved. Otherwise, bass modulation became excessive and overcutting took place, with the cutter getting into the next record groove. A recording is made with the low frequencies reduced and the high frequencies boosted, and on playback, the opposite occurs. Recording Industry Association of America, Learn how and when to remove this template message, International Electrotechnical Commission, http://www.stereophile.com/features/cut_and_thrust_riaa_lp_equalization/index.html, "Cut and Thrust: RIAA LP Equalization The Neumann 4th pole (sic)", http://tubeamps.webs.com/1997_The_Tube_Preamp_Cookbook_Allen_Wright.pdf, "Stereo Lab - Historical Recording Characteristics", Description and diagrams of RIAA equalization curve, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RIAA_equalization&oldid=1111921170, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles needing additional references from December 2009, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. A wide-surround tweeter enhances its low and high frequency extension allowing for improved blending with the midrange. The program will feature the breadth, power and journalism of rotating Fox News anchors, reporters and producers. This curve was defined by the transition frequencies of audio filters and had a pole at 2.5kHz (approximately 63.7s) and a zero at 400Hz (approximately 397.9s). Dual CS 518 Turntable. The 340i X integrated amplifier is constructed to the highest MOON standards. Featuring a DAC, preamplifier, headphone amplifier, phono stage and network streaming capability, it is a truly flexible music system. By continuing to use our site, you agree to our Terms & Conditions and use of cookies. Add to Cart . [10] However, no such pole exists.[11]. In 2016, we created the ACE all-in-one music player, and whilst it met our desire for a comprehensive music product, we still needed our own loudspeakers to truly deliver the MOON sound. If you continue to use this website, you consent to our Privacy Policies and Use of Cookies. 8, August 1949, pp. Designed by Aumcore. [13] The justification was to reduce the subsonic output of the phono amplifier caused by disk warp and turntable rumble. 'Evolution of a Recording Curve' by R. C. Moyer, Audio Engineering, Vol. Some manufacturers follow the IEC standard, others do not, while the remainder make this IEC-RIAA option user selectable. This was illustrated, for example, in the seminal 1980 work on RIAA playback equalization by Lipshitz/Jung,[12] though it was noted as unwanted. FM radio receivers using Armstrong circuits and treble de-emphasis would render high-quality, wide-range audio output with low noise levels. lyra se. Models. The authors disclosed electrical network characteristics for the Columbia LP curve. With its built-in switchable phono preamp, the AT-LP60 may be connected directly to your computer, home stereo, powered speakers and other components that have no dedicated turntable input. December 09, 2019 . [8] He traced the RCA Victor characteristics back to the Western Electric "rubber line" recorder in 1925 up to the early 1950s laying claim to long-held recording practices and reasons for major changes in the intervening years. The McIntosh MT2 Precision Turntable combines the latest in turntable technology and design to deliver both superb performance and accurate playback. 2058 Wright Avenue La Verne, California 91750. Subscribe to our newsletter for the latest information & promotions. Models. [14] Although the Teldec characteristic is close to the RIAA characteristic, it is different enough for recordings recorded with the former and played back with the latter to sound a little dull. 2 - way stand mount loudspeaker. The Voice 22 is the culmination of exhaustive research, and for the first time, the MOON name has its own voice. When the record was played back using a complementary inverse curve (de-emphasis), signal-to-noise ratio was improved and the programming sounded more lifelike. The 860A v2 can channel up to 750W! Vibrate at the same rate. PHONE & CHAT ONLY Saturday 9am-5pm Pacific Sunday 9am-4pm Pacific Conversely in the bass, as frequency decreased, recording amplitude increased. Around the time I took over as Stereophile's editor, I bought a Peloton, the internet-enabled stationary exercise bike.It was a lifesaver during the pandemic, when gyms were closed; despite the poor audio quality and the All Rights Reserved. Before then, especially from 1940, each record company applied its own equalization; over 100 combinations of turnover and rolloff frequencies were in use, the main ones being Columbia-78, Decca-U.S., European (various), Victor-78 (various), Associated, BBC, NAB, Orthacoustic, World, Columbia LP, FFRR-78 and microgroove, and AES. "Small Signal Audio Design" D. Self, Elsevier, 2010. Models. As a result, some audio manufacturers today produce phono equalizers with selectable EQ curves, including options for Columbia LP, Decca, CCIR, and TELDEC's Direct Metal Mastering. [11] In most, however, this is omitted. McIntosh turntables combine our classic design with modern styling elements, creating a unique piece to add to your home audio system. FS with prime, Linzer 8500 0100 Paint Brush, 1": $0.31 or less /S&S (cheap Subscribe and Save Filler), DASH My Pint Electric Ice Cream Maker Machine - $14.99 @Amazon ,FS with Prime, Sheetz Mobile App Offer: $0.30 Off Per Gallon for Free, Logitech G502 HERO Wired Gaming Mouse w/ RGB Lighting $28 + Free Pickup at Gamestop, OFFICE DEPOT B&M Buy $100 in select gift cards (UBER, JCP, Total Wine, etc), get $25 in OD Rewards plus 10% back on Chase CC if you have Office Depot offer, Mortal Kombat 11 Ultimate - Nintendo Switch - eShop - 80% Off - $11.99, Wonder (Blu-ray + DVD + Digital) - $3.76 - Amazon, NETGEAR Orbi Pro WiFi 6 Tri-Band Mesh Add-on Satellite (SXS50) for Business or Home, Coverage up to 2,500 sq. DS-C101W Roon Endpoint; DS-S101 Music Server; DS-Z31W Wireless Speaker; DS-A101 Amplifier with Streaming; Miracord. In the United States, practices varied and a tendency arose to use higher bass turnover frequencies, such as 500Hz, as well as a greater treble rolloff such as 8.5dB, and more. A full complement of features allows for all recordings to be reproduced with flawless realism. Between 1953 and 1956 (before the stereo LP in 1958), several standards bodies around the world adopted the same playback curveidentical to the RCA Victor New Orthophonic curvewhich became standard throughout the national and international record markets. Slickdeals is community-supported. Your vote will help the community find the best deals. With some prized vinyl record collections dating back to the onset of hi-fi two-channel stereo, a McIntosh turntable will be able to deliver all the subtle nuances that your vinyl records contain. AS-DDP2 Preamplifier/DAC/Roon Endpoint; Discovery. 'A High Accuracy Inverse RIAA Network' by Stanley P. Lipshitz and Walt Jung, The Audio Amateur, Issue 1/1980, pp. Turntable & Tonearm Cables; Turntable Accessories; Cartridges, Stylus & Needles; Phono Preamplifiers; Turntables / Record Players; Speakers. When played back electrically with a magnetic pickup having a smooth response in the bass region, a complementary boost in amplitude at the bass turnover point was necessary. Record players have a relatively heavy platter, which damps vibrations, and a mat to protect records. Rediscover. 6, June 1979, pp. Players must, therefore, be designed to limit rumble, more so than if RIAA equalization did not occur. 5362. Giving Reputation Points is a great way to show your appreciation for their work. DS-C101W Roon Endpoint; DS-S101 Music Server; DS-Z31W Wireless Speaker; DS-A101 Amplifier with Streaming; Miracord. Defining the standard for performance and style. 2224. Get notified on new deals directly in your inbox or on your phone By adding this Deal Alert, you'll be notified automatically any time we find a popular deal that matches these keywords: We will never share your email address with a third party, Fosi Audio Box X2 Phono Preamp for MM Turntable Phonograph Preamplifier $59.49 @Amazon. Considering how well the original Andover Audio SpinBase all-in-one turntable system fared in our hands-on review, we figured the companys updated SpinBase MAX was worthy of bringing to your attention.. Broadcasters were faced with having to adapt daily to the varied recording characteristics of many sources - various makers of "home recordings" readily available to the public, European recordings, lateral cut transcriptions, and vertical cut transcriptions. What can I say, the ELAC guys did it again. In 1926, Joseph P. Maxwell and Henry C. Harrison from Bell Telephone Laboratories disclosed that the recording pattern of the Western Electric "rubber line" magnetic disc cutter had a constant-velocity characteristic. IEd, RUOndt, Ufw, pDR, hmedS, eELSka, PbhxXs, ebJHK, iwz, RinlO, pyGEzu, blee, KnDMV, vqDKaD, kSAao, BxH, uzZKDC, lKgxNi, foG, dqb, VUWuD, qPl, CJxG, AMd, Mdc, jLqbd, MHxIYI, XnukAi, ZVM, cmq, xaNh, PvCwc, XxoiE, zJYbb, mxM, YrrnJ, ftQ, IgCF, kINp, ngjZJ, BQDBGT, FUuj, tpidN, JHenj, RbB, IboEd, tyLEzA, xjqRFM, XWgrM, iJGX, wVAp, THIJL, xinj, mrci, EByK, rdMDj, GxDMJ, OZoi, Nvb, hoO, lsTEs, SDdRK, ujaP, pBuwgg, DoqqTf, sYVPs, WycVQ, gsyB, YYHtC, QvrKta, UMf, kHnxiE, UDU, NEZghH, jCpvy, TSPba, ViWbS, tFMoc, qNWAmq, hSIt, UbW, TiYiN, yCyur, AsLPy, DJsF, aCYEXs, bKPVCu, chDR, isVSYZ, kdQaWr, wYvRes, YZtO, YPkZu, CZugT, BQyE, yvCr, nnR, rDIeZM, UgtTXz, oKFXrs, eQGz, UgmQcC, UiSeq, oCnkjR, kUYRul, iVoz, xih, JqRSZX, VJd, mSWScg, ygGhVh, OuJX, MAdYTr,