integrated approach to curriculum development

Curriculum is crucial for the well-being and effectiveness of higher . As one examines the Levels of Integration, an increased understanding develops. Tara works with the whole school (administration, teachers, students, and SL leaders) to build a sustainable program that is embedded in the curriculum and tied to the mission. integrated approaches to curriculum can and should be used as a means to enact civic-minded, justice . 2003 Jan-Feb;28(1):10-4. doi: 10.1097/00006223-200301000-00006. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Br J Nurs. For these (and other) issues, it is no longer sufficient for our universities to provide students with strong disciplinary knowledge and effective communication and management skills. From this research, three particular integrated curriculum paradigms were identified, each of them having overlapped and aligned elements, Focuses primarily on the disciplines. The term integrative learning was coined by Jerry Perez de Tagle in 1986 at Syracuse University. By submitting, you agree to receive donor-related emails from the Internet Archive. [6,7,8,9] Jacoby,B, Howard,J. This paper explores some aspects of what is meant by integration in a nursing curriculum, by looking at both integration of course content and subject matter, and a consequent move away from separated academic disciplines towards a thematic approach, and at integration of the student group, so that different groups of nurse learners study and learn together for a certain proportion of the . HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help The proposed new title for the course is: Relationships and Interdependencies in International Agriculture: Mexico and U.S.

To offer a 7-day study tour of Mexico and a spring follow-up seminar. An Integrated Approach to Curriculum Development in Global Agriculture Emphasizing Relationships and Interdependencies with the U.S. Read reviews from world's largest community for readers. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. The seminar will be offered in late afternoon to allow participation of high school instructors who might elect to take the class in the context of their continuing education. Students will participate in a series of courses and increasingly independent and team-oriented learning opportunities and scholarly projects. Abstract. An integrated curriculum is described as one that connects different areas of study by cutting across subject-matter lines and emphasizing unifying concepts. To celebrate with partners and share their service learning with the community they, The benefits of an integrated curriculum both for teaching and learning are endless. Student and educator experiences of maternal-child simulation-based learning: a systematic review of qualitative evidence protocol. Here are a few steps that need to be considered when developing an integrated curriculum[9]: By creating an integrated curriculum using service-learning, you are changing the teaching and learning experience for both the teacher and the learner. Incorporating the experiential learning theory into the instructional design of online courses. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Integrated curriculums allow students to have a deeper understanding of the course subject matter and how to apply the material that they have learned in the classroom in a real-world situation[10]. Here are a few steps that need to be considered when developing an integrated curriculum, Consider what service experiences are most likely to enable students to achieve the desired outcomes, Determine how you will prepare students for the experience, Select activities that are appropriate and meaningful for the students, Integrate critical reflection through experience, Develop a plan to measure the achievement of students and community outcomes, Seek closure, recognize and celebrate success, By creating an integrated curriculum using service-learning, you are changing the teaching and learning experience for both the teacher and the learner. station01.cebu United States of America, Jossey-Bass. Wilson R, Godfrey CM, Sears K, Medves J, Ross-White A, Lambert N. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2015 Oct;13(10):146-55. doi: 10.11124/jbisrir-2015-2150. Generally, curriculum development is the process by which an instructor or institution creates or adopts that plan for a course. MeSH on the Internet. There has been extensive research done on integrated curriculums and what they look like in the learning and teaching space. . Year 1 Study Tour & Follow-up Seminar (2-cr, annually): Students will work cooperatively with high school instructors in preparation for an discovery project to be completed during the 7-day winter study tour of Mexico. The learner is at the center of the curriculum. United States of America, Jossey-Bass. The .gov means its official. Each student will be paired with a high school instructor and the team will elect a specific issue that will become the focal point of emphasis of the students academic challenge for the subsequent program activities. 2013 May-Jun;29(3):149-51. doi: 10.1097/NND.0b013e318291c47d. She energized a faculty on a Friday afternoon, no easy feat, leaving them with a desire to learn more about SL and to become more involved. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. 8600 Rockville Pike We have to agree with Barbara Jacobys answer to this, where she states that, service-learning is certainly not appropriate for every course, but it, . Level 1: Discipline Integration. Consider what service experiences are most likely to enable students to achieve the desired outcomes. An example of a Serve Learn Curriculum is a unit on sustainability. This approach relates different subject around a common theme. Recruitment of high school instructors will be made with the help of the UW-Madison Center for Biology Education and the state of Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction. In some schools, for example, students learn respect for the environment in every subject area, In the transdisciplinary approach to integration, teachers organize the curriculum around student questions and concerns. government site. For an integrated curriculum to be effective, the curriculum does need to be thought out and developed. Year 2 Independent Study (2-4, credits, annually): In the fall and if necessary the subsequent spring of the program second year, students will enroll in independent study to complete the following three objectives It fosters teamwork, new discoveries, more motivation, and more knowledge of the learning process. Integration focuses on making connections for students, allowing them to engage in relevant, meaningful activities that can be connected to real life, . We anticipate the formation of 4 teams per year (with requested funds) and an additional 2 teams supported by private sector funds. Here are a few steps that need to be considered when developing an integrated curriculum[9]: Select achievable learning outcomes. Service-learning, as part of an integrated curriculum, addresses real issues and community needs, which creates more engagement and makes students more likely to invest their time and effort in their learning[6]. Because this subject is so broad, it can be difficult to wade through the noise to find up-to-date best practices. How do you implement an integrated curriculum in your school? Students electing Mexico will further improve their language skills, their understanding of the Mexican culture and they will gain Mexican perspectives on specific issues. J Nurses Prof Dev. . Integration focuses on making connections for students, allowing them to engage in relevant, meaningful activities that can be connected to real life[1]. Students select areas of focus that they are interested in: nature, economy, wellbeing and society- based on the verified needs of the community they are able to plan and prepare for action. [1] https://study.com/academy/lesson/integrated-curriculum-definition-benefits-examples.html, [2, 3, 4, 5] Drake,S,M & Burns,R,C. She has been actively involved in designing and implementing integrated approaches to curriculum both at the provincial and state level and in the classroom. Complex issues such as food safety, international trade and environmental stewardship may no longer be dealt with at a national level, but rather on a global scale. Furthermore, this paper provides a theoretical-conceptual framework which could be used for defining the process of curriculum management (development, implementation and evaluation) by all stakeholders in the educational institutions, whether they . integrative approach to curriculum development in the context of the USA. We do not sell or trade your information with anyone. (2004). Cut 15% OFF your first order. Integrated approach to curriculum development in primary education in Sri Lanka by K. Peiris, 1976, Unesco Press edition, in English .

Year 2 Research Internships (1-4 credits, annually): Students will be offered a 6-8 week research-based summer internship in Mexico or in the U.S. 2022 Serve Learn.

To offer an independent study course in the subsequent fall and spring (year 2 of the curriculum) to design and implement specific agriculture-related classroom projects for high school instruction as a culminating (learning) experience of the team project. It focuses on making connections among concepts and experiences so that information and skills can be applied to novel and complex issues or challenges. 2009 Mar 26-Apr 8;18(6):374-7. doi: 10.12968/bjon.2009.18.6.40771. In this approach, teachers fuse skills, knowledge, or even attitudes into the regular school curriculum. In this approach to integration, teachers organize the curriculum around common learnings across disciplines. One of the simplest ways to begin making connections between arts and core subjects is to recognize where vocabulary and key concepts overlap. Curriculum framework - the documents that outline the structure of the curriculum and its purposes. Can service-learning be incorporated into any type of course work? Astin,A,W, Eyler,J, & Dwight, E,G Jr. (1999). The site is secure. INTEGRATED APPROACH TO CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT IN PRIMARY EDUCATION IN SRI LANKA by UNESCO, unknown edition, It looks like you're offline. on August 20, 2021, There are no reviews yet. Exploring conceptual and theoretical frameworks for nurse practitioner education: a scoping review protocol. Share to Tumblr. Undergraduate students will have the opportunity to learn and experience directly how the U.S. and Mexico are responding to a wide variety of topics related to agriculture, environmental quality and international trade in a series of inter-related courses.
Our teaching web site will be expanded with educational material generated through the project (discussion of reading materials, narrated power points slides, reports, stories and interviews from the winter-break study tours and the summer internships, educational material needed to implement classroom activities suited for high school instruction). In some schools, for example, students learn respect for the environment in every subject area[3]. Careers. They chunk together the common learnings embedded in the disciplines to emphasize interdisciplinary skills and concepts[4]. Would you like email updates of new search results? An official website of the United States government. Currently she teaches courses on interdisciplinary curriculum for students working toward graduate education degrees. Share to Twitter. Bookshelf The challenges of setting up a teaching event for health-care staff. There are also many schools of thought for how best to approach the curriculum development process. The overall objective of this project is to offer a new and flexible undergraduate curriculum that emphasizes individual and team-based experiential learning and the use of instructional technology to help undergraduate students understand the relationships and interdependencies in livestock agriculture in global economies and thus integrate disciplinary knowledge to solve real-world problems. Service-learning is used as a tool in each of these paradigms to create engagement with students, enhance their learning experience and to motivate them to learn. MacKinnon K, Marcellus L, Rivers J, Gordon C, Ryan M, Butcher D. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2015 Jan;13(1):14-26. doi: 10.11124/jbisrir-2015-1694. At the end of this module, the learners will be able to Explain the importance of learner characteristics in curriculum development Reflect on the Andragogical approach for curriculum development of adult learners Derive the commonalities from various approaches of curriculum development for adult learners Apply the knowledge of the curriculum . Meeting Standards Through Integrated Curriculum. In this approach, teachers fuse skills, knowledge, or even attitudes into the regular school curriculum. the development of curriculum design of IPS subjects that integrated Islamic values in accordance with the objective of being able to give meaning to social life by using the meanings contained in the verses of Al-Qur'an or Hadith. A lock ( LockA locked padlock ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. 17. Some teachers use music, gestures, dance, storytelling and games as a means to help students remember and use their lessons and developing skills. (a) to prepare and present an overview of their summer research internship,(b) to complete a high educational project after reunification with their teammate instructor and (c) to implement classroom activities in the high school of their teammate instructor as the culmination of the program. 1. PG 80, Integrated Curriculum: Changing the Future of Teaching, 10 creative service learning projects to inspire your students, Principles for Effective Student Leadership. Before An integrated approach to curriculum development. Curriculum provision - the systems and structures established in schools to organise teaching - for example, timetabling. Thus, cross-curricular instruction offers many great advantages to students. To celebrate with partners and share their service learning with the community they demonstrate and communicate the service learning for sustainability.

Components of the proposed curriculum are as follows:
Year 1 Fall Seminar (1-cr, annually): The Relationships and Interdependencies in International Agriculture: Mexico and U.S. seminar will discuss current issues in the livestock industry in the U.S. and in Mexico. We are intrigued by the prospect that some students might be paired with one of their former hometown high school teachers.

To develop a range of private sector (farms and businesses) and public sector (university and government agencies) research internship opportunities. Sitemap | Web Design by Digileads, An integrated curriculum is described as one that connects different areas of study by cutting across subject-matter lines and emphasizing unifying concepts. The term integrative learning was coined by Jerry Perez de . It is a compilation of assessment, curriculum development, and faculty development. From this research, three particular integrated curriculum paradigms were identified, each of them having overlapped and aligned elements[2]. Wheres The Learning In Service-Learning? Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. 1984). Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Planned curriculum is a teacher or teaching team using what they know about early childhood subject matter and intentionally designing:, Developmentally appropriate curriculum includes a rich and planned learning environment, a connection to the child's family and culture, and:A) the goal of all children reading and writing . Secure .gov websites use HTTPS A local non-government organisation (NGO) works with the community to identify needs A method, based on a scheme for innovation and continuous improvement, for the development of an engineering curriculum and an example case of its application (medical engineering) are . What is an example of how schools can do this? The paper describes how themes and issues related to the new educational approach are integrated into the curriculum; it also proposes various methods that could be used to initialize global education. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. [10] Astin,A,W, Eyler,J, & Dwight, E,G Jr. (1999). Students work collaboratively with peers, partners, teachers, building skills and dispositions to solve real world problems for effective change together. Instructional leadership and curriculum design, and implementation. They reflect before, during and after meaningful service learning experiences as they continue to learn and grow. An integrated curriculum aims to connect the theory learned in the classroom, with practical, real-life knowledge and experiences. Your privacy is important to us. This is because service-learning works well for students across a wide range of learning styles, from theoretical learners, who learn best through abstract conceptualization, to those who learn best from active, concrete experience[7]. Rebecca C. Burns is a senior research and development specialist . @article{Simmons1992AnIA, title={An integrated approach to curriculum development. Donate . . FOIA Prior to posting, a peer-review process will be initiated to guarantee the quality and educational value of the posted-material. One final key benefit of an integrated curriculum is the ability for students . Participants will be invited to a follow-up seminar to reflect on the experience and to begin the design of agriculture-related class activities for usage in high school instruction. HUMANISTIC This approach is anchored on progressive philosophy and child-centered movement. This approach relates different subject around a common theme. This paper explores some aspects of what is meant by integration in a nursing curriculum, by looking at both integration of course content and subject matter, and a consequent move away from separated academic disciplines towards a thematic approach, and at integration of the student group, so that different groups of nurse learners . Curriculum practitioners and implementers may use one or more approaches or theories in planning, implementing and evaluating the curriculum. etina (cs) Deutsch (de) English (en) Espaol (es) Franais (fr) Hrvatski (hr) Portugus (pt) . The selection of the child-centered, integrative, and inclusive curriculum approaches as key ones to organize a teaching-learning process is based on adopting the theoretical . 14 day loan required to access PDF files. courses or departments (Harden et al. The practical and, There has been extensive research done on integrated curriculums and what they look like in the learning and teaching space. Tara brings passion and a deep understanding of service learning, rooted in years of experience, to her training. How to Find Home Solar Panel Installation Savings, The Best Ways to Style Mens Ralph Lauren Clothing, How to Define Your Style With Ralph Lauren Clothing, Google Chrome: Fast Facts You Need to Know, Simple Ways to Boost Your Google Chrome Privacy, How to Keep Your Costco Jewelry Looking New for Years, The Basics of the Perfect Royal Caribbean Cruise, How to Clean Outdoor Furniture: A Step-by-Step Guide. This study draws on the experiences of a group of primary and secondary teachers in Wales, engaged in creating a . JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2015. }, author={S Simmons and D. K. Bahl}, journal={Nurse education today}, year={1992}, volume={12 4}, pages={ 310-5 } } S. Simmons, D. Bahl; Published 1 August 1992; Psychology, Medicine and transmitted securely. Integrated approach to curriculum development in primary education in Sri Lanka Item Preview remove-circle Share or Embed This Item. The concept selected in the Serve Learn example of sustainability is transdisciplinary, and various conceptual lenses are applied to sustainability. Share to Facebook. Integrated learning incorporates multiple subjects, which are usually taught separately, in an interdisciplinary method of teaching. Integrated . Established in 45 sites, the program aims to improve children's health, safety and wellbeing in disadvantaged communities. Service-Learning Essentials: Questions, Answers and Lessons Learned. Search the history of over 766 billion In the transdisciplinary approach to integration, teachers organize the curriculum around student questions and concerns. NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY: To be well prepared for a career in agriculture and related fields, our students must learn how to integrate information from different sources to solve real-world problems in a team setting. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. It focuses on removing the boundaries between traditional subject specialisms, to enable more holistic and 'joined-up' learning opportunities. Burnard (1989) makes the point that experiential learning is interpreted in quite varied ways by nurse teachers. An Integrated Curriculum is a curriculum developed to break down barriers between disciplines and make learning more meaningful to students. Pupil texts, produced by the state in Sri Lanka, constitute another component of curriculum work. Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. web pages Since its inception, integrative learning has been shown in several studies to improve understanding, particularly in science and language arts. Students develop life skills as they apply interdisciplinary and disciplinary skills in a real-life context[5]. We then go on to describe a model for curriculum development devised in our own institution and based on these principles, which incorporates the development of learners professionally, educationally and personally. An integrated approach to early childhood development September 2010 Page 2 to planning and delivering services. PG 80-146 . The practical and experiential learning aspect of an integrated curriculum is facilitated through service-learning. Emphasis will be placed on Mexican history, culture and diversity of livestock production systems. An integrated medical curriculum helps graduates to put together the learned facts so as to get the whole picture and adopt a holistic approach while treating a patient or planning a . Be the first one to, Integrated approach to curriculum development in primary education in Sri Lanka, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, Education, Elementary -- Curricula -- Sri Lanka, urn:lcp:integratedapproa0000peir:lcpdf:09b5a548-00cb-429f-a4dd-61462ddc1a96, urn:lcp:integratedapproa0000peir:epub:dcd9637c-6d31-4274-9b45-4ea9ecc946c6, Terms of Service (last updated 12/31/2014). We anticipate a total 18 completed projects in the next three years (6 teams per years). They reflect before, during and after meaningful service learning experiences as they continue to learn and grow. Students develop life skills as they apply interdisciplinary and disciplinary skills in a real-life context, Service-learning is used as a tool in each of these paradigms to create engagement with students, enhance their learning experience and to motivate them to learn. Integrated approach makes it possible for the curriculum to be child-centered, be responsive to cultural differences and to accommodate multiplicity, individual abilities, interests and creative . Service-learning is fast becoming an essential tool used in schools to enhance students personal and interpersonal growth and development. Service-learning, as part of an integrated curriculum, addresses real issues and community needs, which creates more engagement and makes students more likely to invest their time and effort in their learning, It is often difficult for many educators to understand how service-learning can be integrated into their course work and curriculum. This ultimately helps prepare them for their future studies, career and life in general. It is often difficult for many educators to understand how service-learning can be integrated into their course work and curriculum. Internships will take place both in the U.S. and in Mexico. Wheres The Learning In Service-Learning?. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. But for service-learning to be effective, it needs to be a part of an integrated curriculum. Connect Arts to Key Concepts.

These include: Focuses primarily on the disciplines. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Past discoveries act as benchmarks. The role of curriculum in higher education is sine quo non for the provision of quality and relevant educational programs and services to the current and potential learners in the USA and elsewhere in the world. A greater appreciation of the learning process leads students to become life-long learners. ASCSD. Approach potential community partners. Another important reason for an integrated approach is that it enables an emphasis to be put on experiential learning in the development of the reflective practitioner (Schon 1983). Considerations when developing online continuing education programs in nursing. An integrated curriculum aims to connect the theory learned in the classroom, with practical, real-life knowledge and experiences. Students investigate the concept and through action research methods they are able to understand the needs and issues. The goal is to help students remain engaged and draw from multiple sets of skills, experiences and sources to aid and accelerate the learning process. United States of America. The benefits of an integrated curriculum both for teaching and learning are endless. Service-learning within an integrated curriculum enhances the learning experience and facilitates more engagement between the student and teacher as well as the course work. Nurse Educ. ASCSD. This paper discusses the topic from a mainly theoretical perspective, and many of the issues will be relevant to a wide range of courses. Integration helps to achieve retention and engagement in classrooms, which yields higher mastery of content standards. Farms and Agricultural Production Systems, Natural Resources, Conservation, and Environment. . (2015).Service-Learning Essentials: Questions, Answers and Lessons Learned. PG 80. How global citizen education is impacted through service learning, Improving the 5 learning outcomes with service-learning, 5 ways to integrate service-learning through an online learning approach, How to effectively implement Reciprocal Teaching in a learning environment. The program will be completed in a two-year period (Sophomore-Junior or Junior-Senior). Students will understand how systems of nature, economy, wellbeing and society are interconnected. The lesson planning tool will include a planning board, a core planner, and a plan book. This handbook attempts to help the teacher to organize integrated learning through project work, at the s a m e time paying attention to building up basic skills, e.g., language and mathematics.

To expand the scope of a fall semester seminar currently titled: Agriculture in Emerging Economies: Dairying in Mexico to emphasize relationships and interdependencies of livestock agriculture with other sectors of the economy nationally and internationally from multiple perspectives. Official websites use .gov Awareness of consumption and implementation of innovative, practical solutions help us uphold our responsibility to live sustainable lifestyles. We anticipate the formation and successful completion of the entire program by 6 teams annually. This is because service-learning works well for students across a wide range of learning styles, from theoretical learners, who learn best through abstract conceptualization, to those who learn best from active, concrete experience, the concept and through action research methods they are able to understand the needs and issues. The fusion of these approaches is central to the development of a coherent curriculum that is responsive to diverse needs of talented students while also providing rich challenges to all for optimal learning. This also usually includes the content to be taught - the 'what' of the curriculum. For any educator, this is most certainly the goal in mind. This ultimately helps prepare them for their future studies, career and life in general. (2004). The review panel will include project key personnel and internship supervisors. Uploaded by High school instructors will be invited to participate actively in these activities (with funds from outside this grant). The overall objective of this project is to offer a new and flexible undergraduate curriculum that emphasizes individual and team-based experiential learning and the use of instructional technology to help undergraduate students understand the relationships and interdependencies in livestock agriculture in global economies and thus integrate disciplinary knowledge to solve real-world problems. These research internships will serve the student with real-world experiences, ground for data collection and information gathering in the context of the pre-defined team project with their K-12 teacher/partner. The integrated learning approach is a vehicle that allows teachers to design lessons and activities that meet the range in children's development. I cannot recommend Tara highly enough. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies We consider reasons for adopting an integrated approach by discussion: issues related to learners and the learning context (these include theories of how adults learn and our perspective on the part to be played by experiential learning); the potential implications for client/patient care and the need for transferable skills to work as a member of a team; and staff development for the teachers, including moves away from possible isolation towards team-teaching. Integrated learning incorporates multiple subjects, which are usually taught separately, in an interdisciplinary method of teaching. Approach and Method of research used is research and development. An integrated approach to learning is designed to focus on learning within the curriculum. Meeting Standards Through Integrated Curriculum. For an integrated curriculum to be effective, the curriculum does need to be thought out and developed. This definition needs to remain broad because there are different levels of integration. Integrated curriculum is also referred to as interdisciplinary teaching, thematic teaching and synergistic teaching. https://study.com/academy/lesson/integrated-curriculum-definition-benefits-examples.html, Drake,S,M & Burns,R,C. THEORETICAL UNDERPINNINGS The theoretical support for the Integrated Curriculum Model comes primarily from learning theory and development. Who is Mark Twain and What Did He Accomplish. What do we mean by this? Curriculum integration is a feature of many new curricula that have emerged in different countries since around the turn of the millennium. The development of a modern curriculum requires the optimization of course offerings (and other elements of the curriculum) within the imposed constraints. Accessibility Integrated curriculums allow students to have a deeper understanding of the course subject matter and how to apply the material that they have learned in the classroom in a real-world situation. PG 80-146 . The goal is to help students remain engaged and draw from multiple sets of skills, experiences and sources to aid and accelerate the learning process. Plan the experience in detail. United States of America. Integrated Approach to Curriculum Development in Primary Education in Sri Lanka book. Share via email. . By experiential learning we refer to learning from . Students select areas of focus that they are interested in: nature, economy, wellbeing and society- based on the verified needs of the community they are able to, Students work collaboratively with peers, partners, teachers, building skills and dispositions to solve real world problems for effective change together. PMC Under this grant, we will take advantage of the strong working relationships that with Universities in Mexico to create experiential learning opportunities for undergraduate students and to internationalize the curriculum both at the college and high school level. The best known example of humanistic thinking is Abraham Maslow and his hierarchy of motivation. Although concerns of experimentalism are imperative in the incorporation of curriculum for a society living in a dynamic world, it is indeed an over-approach of the incapacity of past discoveries to influence future discoveries. Regardless of sizes, types or origins, curriculum is considered the heart and soul of all educational institutions. We have to agree with Barbara Jacobys answer to this, where she states that service-learning is certainly not appropriate for every course, but it can be effective in every discipline.

To develop an on-line learning community to provide (a) a means of continued communication between students, high school instructors, and UW instructors throughout the program, (b) a publishing medium for students scholarly projects, (c) a database of 18 agriculture-related classroom projects for high school instruction and (d) a promotion tool for the overall project. (3) the implementation of a curriculum of . Even textbook writers or instructional . This is the 'how' of the . Share to Reddit. Abstract. Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine The specific objectives center on the development of a curriculum that includes the creation of the following courses and educational opportunities: