This is part of the mystery of this secret society. Afrikanische Kunst. Their usage peaked modestly in 1985 with 0.349% of baby girls being given Mende names. The Mende masked figures are a reminder that human beings have a dual existence; they live in the concrete world of flesh and material things and the spirit world of dreams, faith, aspirations and imagination. Women often cover their bodies with masses of raffia or black cloth. The main instruments providing rhythmic variation are kelei (slit-log drum), sangbei (single-skin drum), and segbure (rattle). Prsence Africaine Gola Poro Dance, accompanied by one small kelei, one large kelei, one shegbureh and handclapping. In West Africa the same biological facts are given a different cultural interpretation. Here is a list of the food names and local names in the Sierra Leone diet. The sowie are the highest-ranking leaders of the group. Among all Mende names, Jenna (English and German) was the most widely used, with a ranking of #423 and a usage of 0.0398%. The Temne people established small chiefdoms in . Routledge; 4th edition (2001). In 2006, the country was featured in the movie Blood Diamond with Leonardo DiCaprio. Next to them in number is the Temne in the North. The story of this Mende song, and its survival in both Africa and the US, is chronicled in the documentary film The Language You Cry In. It takes time, care and patience to grow a beautiful, full head of hair. The women come into town to tell men they have initiated people into Sande. GBAAMA, Jaiama-Bongor Chiefdom, Bo District. Summary. Mr.Lebbie warned that Sierra Leone is a small country and the tribes are interrelated and have inter-married and as a result, no one tribe can now rule Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone is a West African country near the Atlantic Ocean. 36 penpals Top 100 Sierra Leonean names - Sierra Leone See also first names from Sierra Leone on Top-Names.info : [] - Its name means "lion mountains." It was named for the hills that surround the country's main harbor. I would love to hear more about the migration from Sudan and why it was done. Sierra Leone Demographics. This procedure is considered necessary to change Mende children, who are considered to be of neutral sex before the procedure, to heterosexual, gendered adults. Sande is the guardian of women: their protector and guide through life. More Filters Prev Page 1 2 Next Page Aamadu m Western African, Fula Fula form of Ahmad. [not specific enough to verify] Work is divided by gender: men attend to the heavy work of clearing the land for planting rice, while women clean and pound rice, fish, and weed the planted crops. sierra leone food; food ingredients; krio; Names in Mende Oral Tradition When one lives among, or associates with, the Mende people of Sierra Leone, one perceives a plethora of names mostly connected with natural phenomena. Most of the country's top government positions have been held by the Mende. History does not tell us why he chose Benjamin. Mende people consider a beautiful neck to be one with rings as it shows adolescent girls becoming ready for childbearing by the increase in body fat. The Mende are one of the two largest ethnic groups in Sierra Leone; their neighbours, the Temne people, constitute the largest ethnic group at 35.5% of the total population, which is slightly larger than the Mende at 31.2%. The Mende family name was found in the USA, the UK, Canada, and Scotland between 1841 and 1920. in Sierra Leone that the Mendes, along with the Krios and Sherbros, are educationists. [citation needed], But Tuchscherer made another important discovery a few years earlier before the war broke out when he visited the town of Potoru in Pujehun District, where Kisimi Kamara came from. . The senior male has moral authoritythe right to respect and obedienceover the family as a whole, especially with regard to the negotiation of debts, damages, and bride-wealth. However, in some other parts of West Africa, it is often used as a male name. Sierra Leone Freetown, Sierra Leone, mid-19th century. The goals of this secret society are to teach young Mende women the responsibilities of adulthood. Hair must be tied down under strict control and shaped into intricate, elegant styles for the sake of beauty and sex appeal. Geography Sierra Leone shares borders with Guinea and Liberia. Hojo is a white clay that Mende women use to mark their territory. Sierra Leone has 16 different ethnic groups, each with a different language. When Sierra Leone became a British Crown Colony in 1808, the official name was a misspelled version of the name in Spanish (Sierra Leona), modified to Sierra Leone. Ahmad Tejan Kabbah took up the presidency, a doctor involved with the Kamajors in Kenema, Joe Demby, became his vice president, and "Pa" Norman was appointed deputy defence minister. Former Sierra Leone's vice president minister of Justice and Attorney General Francis Minah; former Sierra Leone's attorney general and one of the founding members of the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) Banja Tejan-Sie. The features of a Mende mask convey Mende ideals of female morality and physical beauty. Sierra Leone's first Prime minister Sir Milton Margai, who led the country to independence from the United Kingdom on April 27, 1961 was a prominent member of the Mende ethnic group. The largest of these is the Mende, found . (There are certain cultural differences between them. ethnic group in Sierra Leone. One or more brothers and married sisters usually leave sooner or later and are incorporated into other residential units. Connect with Sierra Leonean culture. Sometime in the early 16th century they began moving south. 2004 Smithsonian Folkways Recordings/Folkways Records. This validates the unruly behavior of the Sande women. There is much work to be done during the initiation process. Sande leaders serve as models to women in the community. Olson, James S. The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary (1996). The Mende are one of the two largest ethnic groups in Sierra Leone; their neighbours, the Temne people, constitute the largest ethnic group at 35.5% of the total population, which is slightly larger than the Mende at 31.2%. Hairstyles are very important in Mende society. Sometime, at the beginning of the 19th century, Sierra Leone became a British colony. In the Mende culture, full-figured women are beautiful. He settled at a place called Geakoibu, a Mende phrase meaning "under the Geakoi". is found only among the Kpa Mende; elsewhere in Mendeland its place is taken by the Poro society.) Look at his name, Siaka. What is the original name of Sierra Leone? I see that you used many of my Sierra Leone images on this site. Mende girl drinking water from a bore-hole tap, Mende Sande (Bondo) initiates and Mende Devil. Before a woman can take a leadership role in artistic activities she must be eligible at least as a Ligba Wulo. Potentially, Adama is a tender, sociable, and highly responsive to sentimental expressions. To the Mende, the pureness of white signifies the cleanliness and absence of imperfections. The Mende are a Muslim majority group, though with a large Christian minority. Alioune Diop, jeune intellectuel Sngalais, prpare ds 1941 ce qui sera luvre de sa vie : Prsence Africaine. They are in great physical shape and have endurance and stamina. They exemplify the highest of Mende ideals, and they have the duty of enforcing positive social relationships and of removing any harm that might come to women in their community. Ndoli jowei does not dance on this occasion because it is not yet time for celebration. (Boone) A woman with long, thick hair illustrates a life force, she may be blessed with a green thumb giving her the ability to have a promising farm and many healthy children. The script achieved widespread use for a time, but has largely been replaced with an alphabet based on the Latin script, and the Mende script is considered a "failed script".[13]. Sierra Leonean politician Charles Margai, who is the leader of one of the country's main opposition party the People's Movement for Democratic Change (PMDC). Sierra Leone - Mende. She was formally recognized by the British as a Paramount Chief in 1894, ruling an area that was eventually divided into fourteen chiefdoms. 1/4. The Mende people speak the Mende language (also called Boumpe, Hulo, Kossa, or Kosso), which belongs to the Mande language branch of the proposed Niger-Congo language family. This study used a quantitative market survey to examine the ecological importance of the medicinal plant trade in Sierra Leone and the existing trading systems, so that it could be determined. The Language You Cry In: The Story of a Mende Song:The Language You Cry In: The Story of a Mende Song. American Anthropologist (1999): n. pag. Written in pencil on the back of the image is Fig. The names have slipped in popularity since then. Also if you can write an article about folk music of Sierra Leone, we can put your article on folkcloud with your name. The Mende traditionally live in villages of 70 to 250 residents, which are situated from 1.5 to 5 kilometers apart. Print. It is a moral philosophy that focuses on the perpetual refinement of the individual. Look through examples of dog translation in sentences, listen to pronunciation and learn grammar. The greatest sins a Mende man can commit is to give away the secrets of their tribe. 2011. In some areas where there were large groups of enslaved Africans, they kept much of their heritage. Tuchscherer learned that while Kisimi took the lead in spreading the script (which he calls "kikakui") throughout the Mende region, the actual inventor of the Ki-ka-ku script was a local tailor[who?] We are the #1 resource for Mende language learning. Fage, John D. History of Africa. La Philosophie Bantoue, du Rvrend Pre Placide Tempels, qui suscite de nombreuses controverses, est le premier ouvrage publi par les Editions Prsence Africaine. Further details may exist on the, Women's political influence in Mende society. The pure white Hojo is rarer, found only deep beneath the surface of the water. [citation needed]. Kenneth Lindsay Little (1908-1991) was at British anthropologist. 8] Kingdom of Quoja, Sierra Leone, late 17th c. [Based on Jean Barbot, A Description of the Coasts of North and South Guinea.In Thomas Astley (ed. After the coup, the RUF changed its name to the People's Army. | Location: Kamajors, Sierra Leone. The traditional character of Gonde is also a Ndoli jowei or dance instructor, but rather than a harsh enforcer, she acts as the comic relief. They are subject to the authority of Sande law and punishment. Jah, . This surgery is supposed to foreshadow the pain a Mende woman experiences during childbirth. During the 1940s, the British set up the Protectorate Literacy Bureau in Sierra Leone's second largest city of Bo. Each song has some tags which specify its genres or musical instrument which is used in that song. My Journey to Mende Tribe Village in Sierra Leone | Ballehun village - YouTube Touring the village of Dr. Henry Bonor Mathia, where he attempted to build a hospital but fell short due to. It is well known[by whom?] In all there are 16 ethnic groups in Sierra Leone. Following his studies of black-white interaction and racial discrimination . [15], Although it is impossible to know the extent to which other Mende women rose to leadership positions comparable to Madam Yoko's, historians believe that perhaps fifteen to twenty percent of the local leaders with whom the British negotiated at the time of colonial consolidation were women. Often girls are awoken in the middle of the night to practice the dance; sometimes they are forced to stay awake for nearly 48 hours dancing almost the entire time. At the beginning, young men aged 20 are called into the society and are trained by the group above them, along with a few elders. Practitioner knowledge of cultural norms such as female genital mutilation and discomfort with opposite sex health practitioners can improve cross-cultural interactions in the health arena. en animal . Both thickness and length are elements that are admired by the Mende. +52 definitions . The Mende, who are believed to be descendants of the Mane, originally occupied the Liberian hinterland. During the 1920s and 1930s, he ran a school in southern Sierra Leone to teach Ki-ka-ku. A woman's hair is a sign of femininity. Dancing the masks is part of this work, but not the most important part. [2] Hojo is found in a scale of colors from beige to pure white. Learn from native speakers and join a community of nearly 2 million people! As a result, usage of Kisimi's syllabary gradually diminished and, until recently scholars thought that the script was all but forgotten. The small kelei measured 21.5" by 5.5", the large kelei measured 60" by 13". At this time the ndoli jowei comes into town with a group of Sande women while the initiates stay in the bush recovering from their operations. translations dog + Add . During the seven-year initiation period, the young men converse with each other using a secret language and passwords, known only to other Poro members. [citation needed] The Poro society is the male equivalent to the female Sande society. Perhaps the name derived from the "B" burned into his flesh that labeled him as property before he was nine years old. The rank below sowie is ligba. Traditionally, Mende farming has been carried out by labour groups organised on a local basis and moving from farm to farm (NIIP, 1973). They were probably the ancestors of t he Limbas, the oldest ethnic group in Sierra Leone, the coastal Bulom (Sherbro), Tine, the Mande-speaking people including Vai, Loko and Mende. Even the names of his children were mende . Ndoli jowei is the principal spirit for celebration, although she also appears on other occasions besides celebrations. Referring to Populations He attended Liverpool College and then Selwyn and Trinity Colleges in Cambridge. Close to half (44.7 percent) of the British Atlantic slave trade voyages from Senegambia (narrowly defined: excluding Sierra Leone) went to Britain's North American mainland colonies. Sierra Leone remains among the world's poorest countries, ranking 180 th out of 187 countries in the Human Development . The dog was beaten by the rain because of love. Sierra Leone, 543,Google Scholar Little's, The Mende, 176 -77, and Protectorate Ordinances, 20/1896, 11/1897, 15/1897.Google Scholar At this occasion, an announcement is made to inform people of the date for the gani celebration; which is the last event of the Sande initiation that ndoli jowei appears at. Thousands of Mendes were taking shelter in huge refugee camps surrounding the cities of Bo and Kenema, and the people living in those camps were organized according to their home chiefdoms, making it possible for Tuchscherer to survey the entire Mende region (about half of Sierra Leone's territory) in a small space and a short period of time. Coffee, cocoa, and ginger are grown as cash crops, whereas rice, pepper, groundnuts, beniseed (also known as sesame seeds), and palm oil are grown for local consumption. Sierra Leone is a small country on the coast of West Africa. The first occurs 13 days after the initiates have been taken into the bush to be circumcised. Masks are the collective Mind of Mende community; viewed as one body, they are the Spirit of the Mende people. Thank you for giving me credit. Laws of Sierra Leone; This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. Mende is a tonal language belonging to the Mande branch of the Niger-Congo language family. LEARN MENDE . [citation needed] Samuel Hinga Norman, who was Sierra Leone's minister of Defense and former leader of the militant group the Civil Defense Forces (commonly known as the Kamajors). are called different names according to the ethnic group. Homme de culture et homme de dialogue avant tout, il rassemble, pendant cette priode de triomphe de lhitlrisme, des amis fidles, des compagnons de lutte. The Wunde society (q.v.) At this time, the new initiates are brought into town for the first time since the initiation process began; accompanied by ndoli jowei. I am also DNA tested Mende. Its goal was to teach the Mende people to read and write with a version of the Latin alphabet. [citation needed] Vows that express a social bond are taken after the operation; these vows are a metaphor for the support the women will have during the pains of childbirth. The Temne claim to have come from Futa Jallon, which is in present-day Guinea. The household unit is represented by at least one man and perhaps several of his brothers, with all of their wives and children. The holes at the base of the mask are where the rest of the costume is attached. The most Mende families were found in USA in 1920. . Were you once from Sierra Leone? Cash crops include cocoa, ginger, peanuts (groundnuts), and palm oil and kernels. 315486_10151039415834854_11027267_n_edit. [14], The Mende are a well-documented example of a non-western, pre-industrial society in which, at least historically, women took more political leadership positions relative to men. 315486_10151039415834854_11027267_n_edit. Jun 1978: . 'Sehgura players, Sierra Leone - The Sehgura is a small hollow gourd covered loosely by a netting of country-grown cotton, upon which are strung split hard shells of seeds. Adama is predominantly a female name in Sierra Leone. Writing Adolescent Fiction/Character names/Sierra Leonean. On the way, they escaped their bondage and were led in a rebellion by Sengbe Pieh. Physical description 16 leaves ; 30 cm. In the pre-colonial era, the Mende had female chiefs and war leaders. Three groups of Mende are commonly distinguished corresponding to different Mende dialects: the Kpa Mende, west of the Jong or Teye river; the Sewa Mende, between the Jong and the Waanje rivers; and the Ko Mende, east of the Waanje. White is symbolic of the spirit world and also of the secret parts of society where people aim for the highest standards. Downcast eyes symbolize a spiritual nature and it is through these small slits that a woman wearing the mask would look out of. The Mende grow rice as their staple crop, as well as yams and cassava. The capital is Freetown. Poro is historically both a political and social organization structuring communities and administrating judicial manners. Unseth, Peter. Scientific name: Canis lupus familiaris. The Atlantic Ocean lies to the west. by Chad Finer, Newly initiated Sande (Bondo) Secret society girl with her body painted with white clay. by Chad Finer, Sande (bondo) Devil. Thus, names supply the instrumental ities in which some of the most perceptive events in the society are communicated. It is a Mende name. Name-giving is an art among the Mende people. A Mende woman's hair must be well groomed, clean, and oiled. A non-member is kpowa. . All the girls also bear similar body adornment, or jewellery, across the chest and round the neck. Western African names include those from Benin, Burkina Faso, Cte d'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo. 2 followers. The Mane (also called Mani), southern members of the Mande language group, were a warrior people, well-armed and well-organized, who lived east and possibly somewhat north of present-day Sierra Leone, occupying a belt north of the coastal peoples. The Mende also produce beautifully woven fabrics which are popular throughout western Africa, and gold and silver necklaces, bracelets, armlets, and earrings. 1 Usage note; 2 Girls' names; 3 Boys' names; 4 Surnames; Usage note [edit | edit source] Sowei, the judge of women, wears white to represent clear thinking and justice. The names have slipped in popularity since then. On the list below you can find some folk songs or traditional songs from Sierra Leone. It is generally assumed that they migrated westwards from the interior of Liberia. The Temne are dominant in the Northern Sierra Leone and areas around the capital, while the Mende live mostly in the South-Eastern Sierra Leone and the Kono District. A woman who wears these masks must not expose any part of her body or a vengeful spirit may take possession of her. Occupational Psychology (1973). I am so proud of my heritage. The main economic activities include fishing, rice growing and palm oil plantations. The girls are taught to be hardworking and modest in their behavior, especially towards their elders. Effects of the civil war. Some of the major cities with significant Mende populations include Bo, Kenema, Kailahun, and Moyamba. Mende people account for slightly more than 30% of the total population. Initiates are colored with this white clay to show that they are the property of Sande. In the centre of the above illustration the Yassi drum can be seen, and on the left three Kambehs, or members of the second degree', , Sierra Leone's first prime minister from 1961 to 1964, dancing with Queen Elizabeth in Freetown,Sierra Leone in 1961 when the Queen visited, Producer/Directors: Alvaro Toepke and Angel Serrano, http://www.africanancestry.com/blog/category/reveals/, http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Mende.aspx, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mende_people, http://www.sierra-leone.org/Books/Amistad.pdf, MAMI WATA: THE SACRED FEMALE AFRICAN WATER DEITY, BATAMMARIBA (TAMBERMA) PEOPLE: AFRICA`S INDIGENOUS ARCHITECTURALLY ADVANCED PEOPLE AND PENIS ELONGATION AND ENLARGEMENT SPECIALISTS. In 1949, the publishing house opens its doors. The Limba are the third largest and one of the oldest communities in Sierra Leone. Descriptions of the society and its masquerade events have been made by visitors since the seventeenth century.[9]. In the civil war prior to the 1992 coup, the Kamajors organised themselves into self defence units and protected villages and towns against attack by the rebels and rogue units of the nation's army. One girl has her face painted, two other girls have scarification marks over their forehead and stomach. The Mende are patrilineal, patrilocal, and polygamous. Mende names are somewhat popular as baby girl names. What are the names of the chiefdoms in Sierra Leone? [9] Examples of these masks appear in museums. Sierra Leone today is a true melting pot of Temne, Mende, Limba, Fula, Mandingo, Kono, and Krio (descendants of African American, West Indies slaves, etc) people. The spirit comes from the water, and what the human eye sees on the necks of women "is human in form, but divine in essence", as portrayed in the mask. Its role in national politics continuously changed throughout the twentieth century. Welcome to Mendeland! See Fyfe's, Hist. A woman who does not groom and maintain her hair has neglected the community's standards of behavior. The neck rolls are an indication of the health of an ideal woman. Various Artists. Its smooth, shiny surface reflects light, making it eye-catching. [citation needed]. [9] The woodcarver must wait until he has a dream that guides him to make the mask a certain way for the recipient. Mattru is the main city, located 52 miles southwest of Bo, along the Jong River, which provides access to Sherbro Island and the Atlantic Ocean.. Various Mende masks, specifically Sowei Masks, were the focus of a 2013 exhibition in the British Museum, exploring the Sowei traditions.[11]. Die Helmmasken der Mende, auch Sowei genannt, wurden von lteren Frauen bei den bergangsriten zum Erwachsensein von Mdchen getragen, die Sande oder Bundu genannt wurden. The sound is caused by the hard seeds striking the gourd, and can be modulated at will by the netting being relaxed or tightened', Black and white photographic print showing four young women, initiated into the Sande society, wearing traditional hair styles which bare resemblance to those depicted on many Sowei masks. Thank you very much for this detailed description. Jump to navigation Jump to search. Sierra Leone is said to be inhabited more than 1,200 years ago, and the settlers in the region were already making crops on the north coast. The Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP), which is one of the two major political parties in the country, is predominantly based among the Mende people. Food Local Names Krio: Mende: Temne: Blackeyed Beans: Binch: Nyekende: E-Tue: Bread: Brade: . Some relics of Temne names still survive on the peninsula (Sierra Leone) in such names as "Rokel," "Pasande," "King Jimi," "Robis," and "Kisi." The name "Temne" is derived from the root "Otem," meaning "an old gentleman," to which reflexive "ne" is added as a suffix. Select Some names and place names in Mende society (Sierra Leone) Imprint Naimey, Niger : Centre for Linguistic and Historical Studies by Oral Tradition, Organization of African Unity, 1980. Only a woman in mourning can let her hair loose. Invention of Scripts in West Africa for Ethnic Revitalization. All Mende women when they reach puberty begin the initiation process into the Sande society. It is spoken by the Mende people and by other ethnic groups as a regional lingua franca in southern Sierra Leone. After working the plantation, they were placed on the schooner Amistad and shipped to another Cuban plantation. According to MacCormack, "Contemporary women paramount chiefs are equally prominent, and their political influence now extends into national and international arenas. Mende, people of Sierra Leone, including also a small group in Liberia; they speak a language of the Mande branch of the Niger-Congo family. The story of this ancient Mende song, and its survival in both Africa and the US, is chronicled in the documentary film The Language You Cry In. The largest of these is the Mende, found in the Southern and Eastern Provinces. Homme de culture et homme de dialogue avant tout, il rassemble, pendant cette priode de triomphe de lhitlrisme, des amis fidles, des compagnons de lutte. Objects and people who are marked with Hojo are under Sande protection and control. During this time period, Britain had occupied the French slave-trading posts along the coast of Senegambia. ", Sande groups conduct masked performances that embody the Sande guardian spirit, who is associated with water and rivers. Women, on the other hand, often wear multiple bells, referring to concepts of community, since the bells ring harmoniously together. It is Sande that grants a woman with an identity and a personality. ), A New General Collection of Voyages and Travels (London, 1745-47), vol. Bonthe district was first among the districts in . Mende is a major language of Sierra Leone, with some speakers in neighboring Liberia. The long end of the netting is held in the left hand and the short neck of the gourd in the right. Most notable were those found aboard the Amistad in 1839. When a girl becomes initiated into the Sande society, the village's master woodcarver creates a special mask just for her. Sierra Leone has four physical regions. A key element of Sande initiation is the clitoridectomy, or female genital mutilation. The pattern continues to this day. The focus is on Sierra Leonean Mende women and the relevance of their cultural perspective to clinical care. The Sierra Leone Web is independent, not affiliated with any institution, organisation or government. The small mouth signifies the ideal woman's quiet and humble character. When inducted into this society, Mende boys are initiated into manhood. This was about 26% of all the recorded Mende's in USA. Mende are the second largest ethnic group (31 %) in Sierra Leone after the Temne (35 %) and they can be found in the Southern and Eastern provinces of the country.21 Citing a source from 1987, the . They are also known to command respect and possess leadership qualities[citation needed]. Pieh, Sengbe Alternate Names: Cinque, Joseph 1813-1879 Mende Mission Sierra Leone Sengbe Pieh (circa 1813-1879), also known as Joseph Cinque, was the courageous leader of a revolt by slaves on board the slave ship Amistad in 1839, an event which led ultimately to a historic trial in the Supreme Court of the United States and had far-reaching consequences for both that country and Sierra Leone. I read that Marcus Garvey and Dr. Martin L. King were Mende. Request Permissions, Published By: Prsence Africaine Editions. Palm Trees. An ordinary member is referred to as nyaha. The sowie have control over certain sacred knowledge that is essential to the development of success and happiness in an individual, and also to the well-being of the community. Apr 1971: Sierra Leone became a republic, with Stevens as president. Subscribe now to receive a complimentary E-Yearbook compilation! Within the top 1000 baby names then, there was 1 Mende name. By the end of their brutal training, the girls have transformed into young woman who are tough and confident even in the harshest of conditions. With them is kept the special Yassi medicine, in the presence of which the prophetess of the society has to be uncovered. . A mask must be kept hidden in a secret place when no one is wearing it. Welcome to Mendeland! 8,344); Bonthe Island; Economy. Poro: a men's organization found in various regions of Sierra Leone, Guinea, Liberia, and Ivory Coast. [citation needed]. The translations are sorted from the most common to the less popular. Helmet masks are made from a section of tree trunk, often of the kpole (cotton) tree, and then carved and hollowed to fit over the wearer's head and face. Popular cermonial food. Blood Diamond is a 2006 American political war action thriller film directed and co-produced by Edward Zwick and starring Leonardo DiCaprio, Jennifer Connelly, and Djimon Hounsou.The title refers to blood diamonds, which are diamonds mined in war zones and sold to finance conflicts, and thereby profit warlords and diamond companies around the world.. Set during the Sierra Leone Civil War of . The Temne predominate in the Northern Sierra Leone and the Areas around the capital of Sierra Leone . Apply this search to the main name collection Coup leader Johnny Koroma said the government of Tejan . 24 Senesi Kpakpaso (1965), Mende names were later found with ease for 'offices' later added by the British. Dirty, disheveled hair is a sign of insanity. The shegbureh measured 13" in length. The ship was intercepted off Long Island, New York, by a U.S. Coastal brig. 2, plate 57, facing p. 537] What was the former name of Freetown? Other prominent Sierra Leonean politicians from the Mende ethnic group include the country's second prime minister Sir Albert Margai, who was also the younger brother of Milton Margai; former commander of the Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces and former Sierra Leone's head of state Brigadier David Lansana; former Head of State of Sierra Leone Brigadier General Julius Maada Bio[citation needed]; former Sierra Leone's vice president Albert Joe Demby; former Sierra Leone's vice president and attorney general Solomon Berewa. There is little or no mechanization over the greater part of rural Mende country. Translations from dictionary English - Mende (Sierra Leone), definitions, grammar. "[15][16], MacCormack further notes, "There is a tendency in Western culture to define women as weak and needing protection, since they bear children. I am African American and I recently did my DNA ancestry to find out that I am Mende on my maternal side. The actual name of the town is "Gbahama." It was so called because, before the town moved to its present spot, it suffered a number of defeats in the hands of its enemies. The largest ethno-linguistic group in southern Sierra Leone and the most culturally dominant in the area. Ndoli jowei, the expert in dancing, is in charge of teaching young Mende girls to dance. The masks associated with the fraternal and sorority associations of the Marka and the Mende are probably the best-known and finely crafted in the region. Check 'dog' translations into Mende (Sierra Leone). They began moving into Sierra Leone slowly and peacefully in the eighteenth century. 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In 1880 there were 31 Mende families living in Pennsylvania. Mende & Timne of Sierra Leone - Archives & Special Collections - LibGuides at University of Central Oklahoma Library Skip to Main Content Apply Directory Library UCONNECT Careers Maps COVID Home About Services Research & Learning Special Collections Innovation Studio Here to help! Girl with Sande society hairstyle. Source: Favourite Sierra Leone Recipes by Pamela Greene West Africa Cooks Editor. In Glosbe you will find translations from English into Mende (Sierra Leone) coming from various sources. The ensuing case, heard in Hartford and New Haven, Connecticut, affirmed that the captives were free, and resulted in the return of the thirty-six surviving Mende to their homes. Regardless, when the . Mende names are used by the Mende people of Sierra Leone. [12] The rings indicate prosperity and wholesome living, and are given by God to show his affection for a fortunate few. Wherever two or three women are gathered together, there is the spirit of Sande. [Drawings of Western Africa, University of Virginia Library, Special Collections, MSS 14357, no. But American historian Konrad Tuchscherer made some striking discoveries regarding Ki-ka-ku in the 1990s while researching his Ph.D. thesis for the School of Oriental and African Studies in London. They often provided the only reliable defence. The neighbouring countries include Guinea which borders it to the North east and Liberia to its South East. The Mende likewise predominate in the South-Eastern Sierra . The largest of these is the Mende, found in the Southern and Eastern Provinces. "[15] Lynda Rose Day, another authority on Mende female chiefs, writes that "Women rise naturally to leadership positions when they are senior wives in large polygynous households, when they are the oldest living relatives of a large landholding descent group, or when they are heads of local Sande chapters. The names' popularity increased from the 1970s up to the 1980s. It is believed that the father of the first paramount chief Samuka Nallo was a warrior and hunter who came from Sudan, travelling through Liberia and entered Sierra Leone through Pujehun, though this story is difficult to verify. Helmmaske oder Sowei. Mende names for baby girls, with 36 entries. Published as Figure 63 in T. J. Alldridge, 1901, The Sherbro and Its Hinterland ), Throwing cowries to determine the name of the mask, The Yassi Society (1900)- The Yassi is a society professedly for women, but it does not object to giving "medicinal treatment" to men of the Poro order. The Bantu Philosophy of the Reverend Father Placide Tempels, which arouses many controversies, is the first book published by the Presence Africaine Editions. The Mende are predominantly found in the Southern Province and the Eastern Province. The politics of Sierra Leone have traditionally been dominated by the Mende[citation needed]. Boiled and made into a stew with palm oil fish and flavourings. Celebrating our African historical personalities,discoveries, achievements and eras as proud people with rich culture, traditions and enlightenment spanning many years. The Mende have always had a remarkable enthusiasm for secret societies. The Mende find unarranged "wild" hair immoral and associate individuals who possess this trait with wild behavior. The Mende are one of the two largest ethnic groups in Sierra Leone; their neighbors, the Temne people, have roughly the same population. [citation needed]. Like a majority of African nations, Sierra Leone's political parties are often tied to specific ethnic groups and have been dominated by the Mende, on the one hand, and the Temne and their long-time political allies, the Limba, on the other. The shared pain of the clitoridectomy creates permanent bonds among the initiates. They have also been called symbols of the pattern of concentric, circular ripples the Mende spirit makes when emerging from the water.[9]. Their usage peaked modestly in 1985 with 0.349% of baby girls being given Mende names. The names' popularity increased from the 1970s up to the 1980s. In SierraLeone,English is an official language and Krio is the trade language, but in the southernpart of Sierra Leone, people mainly speak their indigenous language Mende. [citation needed] Sande influences every aspect of a Mende woman's life; it is present before birth and still present after. They are unusual because the masks are worn by women. Mothers with many children are seen as strong, capable authority figures. With a land area of 27,699 square miles (71,740 square kilometers), it is slightly smaller than the state of South Carolina. In any group there is only one Ligba Wa; she is an executive officer in Sande. Sie zeichnen sich durch eine breite Stirn, einen geschlossenen Mund, Fettrllchen am Hals und aufwndige Frisuren aus. He later named himself James Benjamin Covey. See also about African names. There are two grades within ligba; Ligba Wa (senior) and Ligba Wulo (junior). The accuracy of these name definitions cannot be guaranteed. This video is about the Mende People who have origins in Sierra Leone & Liberia and you'll learn about the language, dance and societies of the Mende's #mend. Indigenous People of Sierra. [7], The Poro prepares men for leadership in the community, so they might attain wisdom, accept responsibility, and gain power. Mende names are somewhat popular as baby girl names. The largest and most influential are the Temne at about 35% and the Mende at about 31%. Jul 30, 1974: A group of Mende and Temne civilians and soldiers together made a foiled coup attempt. [citation needed] An initiate in training is called mbogdoni. In Sande initiation, there are three major events in which the ndoli jowei appear publicly. , Sierra Leone's first prime minister from 1961 to 1964. The Mende are known to typically support the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP), while the Temnes and Limbas are associated with the All People's Congress party (APC). language and the people, Mende has been widely used referring to the Mende language and its people. This is a happy occasion where dances are performed by both the maskers and the initiates. Mende in Sierra Leone [MSL] Population Description These cell lines and DNA samples were prepared from blood samples collected from people living in Sierra Leone who identified themselves as Mende. At the library SAL3 (off-campus storage) No public access Stacks Request Literally it means a market place. The Mende are mostly farmers and hunters. It is this space in which novelists, novelists, storytellers, essayists, poets and thinkers of the Black World can finally express themselves and see their works circulating. Mende is one of the major indigenouslanguages spoken in SierraLeone. In the 1990s three modern researchers -- Joseph Opala, Cynthia Schmidt, and Tazieff Koroma located a Mende village in Sierra Leone where the same song is still sung today. His Mende name was Kaweli. Girls practice for hours at a time until they drop from exhaustion. said even the late President Siaka Stevens was neither a Limba nor a Northerner. There was unrest among the Mende and Temne. Hani Lnga ti Lisia - Names of Some Things : Bamande-i Buku-i Dwu-i Faji Fula-i Gbgb (komui)-i Gele-i Haama-i Hokpa-i Jiwi-i Jw-i Ka (manh)-i . EL MOLO PEOPLE: KENYA`S SMALLEST AND NEAR EXTINCT TURKANA PEOPLE: KENYA`S BEAUTIFUL SEMI-NOMADIC NI IDI AMIN; THE LEGENDARY UGANDAN DICTATOR. [10] The bird on top of the head represents a woman's natural intuition that lets her see and know things that others can't. ME IN THE METAVERSE CHRISTMAS EDITION- ART & PHOTO CONTEST. As a noun kpowa means "an ignoramus, stupid, retarded, a fool" as a verb it means "to become insane or deranged.". Sierra Leone is bounded by Guinea to the north and northeast, Liberia to the south and southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The member always knows and understands what is being said. The vegetation on earth is the "hair" on the head of Mother Nature in the same way the hair on the head of a woman is her "foliage." The Bulom people were thought to have been the earliest inhabitants of Sierra Leone, followed by the Mende and Temne peoples in the 15th century and thereafter the Fulani. Gonde becomes a friend to the initiates, amusing them to help them forget the hard ordeals they are going through. Copyright 2009-2022 Baby Names Pedia This Poro dance song is an accompaniment to acrobatics performed by boys who have just returned from the society. They are considered to favor learning than doing business. Within the top 1000 baby names then, there was 1 Mende name. The Mende are generally known as growers of rice and several other crops, practicing crop rotation to protect soil productivity. Major towns. The Mende syllabary was invented in 1921 by Kisimi Kamara (c. 18901962), a Kuranko man in Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone is located on the west coast of Africa, north of the equator. In 2018, their total usage was only 0.065% with 2 Mende names listed among the top 1000. Regional warfare throughout the 19th century led to the capture and sale of many Mende-speakers into slavery. 10 Songs, 46 Minutes. This signifies that they are under the protection of Sande and should not be fooled with. Aaminata f Western African, Fula Pennsylvania had the highest population of Mende families in 1880. The process is described as being reborn, transformed, andduring a masqueradeas being "regurgitated" into fully socialized adult men. She is there only as a reminder of the powerful medicine which has been summoned by the Sande session. She coaches the slower dancers, encouraging them to work hard. Alioune Diop, jeune intellectuel Sngalais, prpare ds 1941 ce qui sera luvre de sa vie : Prsence Africaine. Archives & Special Collections Give Now | All Hours About Us According to Kenneth Little, writing in the 60s, even the prevalence of Poro societies was far more widespread among Mende than Temne.[8]. He decided to give the Mende people that ability. The Mende, who are believed to be descendants of the Mane, were originally in the Liberian hinterland. Ideas about hair root women to nature, the way hair grows is compared to the way forests grow. In Sierra Leone, even though it is my mende people who are in the Southeast and are majority according to the national statistics, a mende man has never govern Sierra Leone but they carry the blame when a non centrist leaders perceived to be a tribalist becomes leader of our country. It is their job to model to the Mende women the most important Mende social values. [citation needed] It begins with the child's grade of discovery, followed by extensive training and service. The common singing form is solo with refrain, sung by both men and women. Served with plasas. Traditional female circumcision is thought to remove the female's residue of maleness. He went by Covie in Sierra Leone after being liberated by a British naval ship. Schmidt, Cynthia. trans-la-tion. Very informative. These people were called the Bulom people. Portuguese sailors were among the first Europeans to discover the site of what is now Freetown. One such female chief, Madam Yoko (18491906), was the leader of the vast Kpa Mende Confederacy. 826-830. These masks appear not only in initiation rituals but also at important events such as funerals, arbitrations and the installation of chiefs. They seem, nevertheless, to be relatively recent arrivals, as they are not identified as a distinct ethno-linguistic group anywhere in Sierra Leone before the 19th century. This study of the Mende, the largest ethnic group in Sierra Leone, uncovers Mende origins, ending at the beginning of the colonial period. that has been domesticated for thousands of years; occurs in many breeds. Alioune Diop, jeune intellectuel Sngalais, prpare ds 1941 ce qui sera luvre de sa vie : Prsence Africaine. Abstract. Series History (Niamey, Niger) ; 4. Mende cultural institutions such as the Sande society have been widely studied and the artworks associated with them, notably Sande helmet masks, are the best known objects to have come out of Sierra Leone. The neck rings at the base of the mask are an exaggeration of actual neck creases. I really would like to know. The Mende people are one of the two largest ethnic groups in Sierra Leone, a country on the west coast of Africa. She is inertly seductive, charming, passionate, and dazzling. They eventually won their freedom and were repatriated. Homme de culture et homme de dialogue avant tout, il rassemble, pendant cette priode de triomphe de lhitlrisme, des amis fidles, des compagnons de lutte. Many of their rituals parallel those of the Sande society. A literature review and interview responses from seven Sierra . Immigrants from Sierra Leone are coming from a country that since the late 1990s has been ranked at the bottom of the United Nations' Human Development Index. The Mende (also spelled Mend) are one of the two largest ethnic groups in Sierra Leone; their neighbours, the Temne people, have roughly the same population. I watched the documentary listed on this site, The language you cry in. He received his PhD from the University of London, and his thesis was published in 1948 as Negroes in Britain. This event is known as yaya gbegbi. And he found that the Mende syllabary, far from being forgotten, was still being used by quite a few people, mostly elderly men. Some of the major cities with significant Mende population include Bo, Kenema, Kailahun and . [citation needed] The shock of this experience also tests a Mende woman's physical endurance. Mende (mndi/ (Mnde yia) is a major language of Sierra Leone, with some speakers in neighboring Liberia. The bells on the necklaces are of the type believed capable of being heard by spirits, ringing in both worlds, that of the ancestors and the living. This page was last edited on 3 December 2022, at 04:34. "This is Sande; women together in their womanhood, in a free exchange of words and actions among sisters. who developed it in order to keep an accurate record of his customers' names and measurements. . Learning dance is a harsh discipline that every Mende girl must tackle. Homme de culture et homme de dialogue avant tout, il rassemble, pendant cette priode de triomphe de lhitlrisme, des amis fidles, des compagnons de lutte. Sierra leonean Last Names [Surnames] The Minseri images through which the spells are worked are kept in the Yassi hut, which is not in the bush but in the town or village. traditional music of Sierra Leone . En 1949, la Maison dEdition ouvre ses portes. In 1996, the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP), the party of southerners and the Mende in particular, won elections. Alioune Diop, jeune intellectuel Sngalais, prpare ds 1941 ce qui sera luvre de sa vie : Prsence Africaine. The Cubans merchants Ruiz and Montes denounced the Mende and asserted that they were their property. This was the period of Sierra Leone's civil war, and to Tuchscherer's surprise, he found that instead of impeding his research, the war actually advanced it. The chiefdom today recognizes 10 Page 13 10 four families;. The Portuguese were the first Europeans to explore the land and gave Sierra Leone its name, which means "lion mountains." "It shows a 'harmlessness'; it is void of all things evil and is thus 'a positive and helpful color. [1][2] The Mende are predominantly found in the Southern Province and the Eastern Province. This routine is followed during ten months of every year, with a couple of months left around the New Year, when they can spend more time in the village engaging in domestic pursuits like house building. White is the color of Sande. All rights reserved. It is also their duty to enforce proper social relationships and to remove anything that might be harmful to the women in their community. The Mende and Temne each account for slightly more than 30% of the country's total population. The next time ndoli jowei appears is at a minor feast called Kpete gbula yombo le or Sowo mba yili gbi. The markings on the cheeks are representative of the decorative scars girls receive as they step into womanhood. "[16], Please expand the article to include this information. The clay comes from the water like many other aspects of Sande. She is highly mobile and emotionally unstable. Rice cooperatives have been formed in some rural areas. Mende is a tonal language belonging to the Mande branch of the Niger-Congo language family. Ethnic Groups. [citation needed]. The name is derived from Mende "Fele" (two), "gor" (to bargain) and "ma" (place). Only through work does the dance of the mask become meaningful. Seeing how the British managed to take over his country, Kisimi concluded that their power was partly a result of their literacy. Elle est cet espace dans lequel, romanciers, nouvellistes, conteurs, essayistes, potes et penseurs du Monde Noir peuvent enfin sexprimer et voir circuler leurs uvres. 1979 Prsence Africaine Editions . . Dembo m Mende Means "warrior" in Mende. In the Americas, especially the United States, researchers have discovered that elements of African culture had long persistence. The largest ethnic group is the Temne (35%), followed by the Mende (31%). Mende farmers use hoes and machetes, but few other tools. They go through the town waving leaves and gathering food and other supplies that they need. Today in Sierra Leone, the Mende people are found mostly in the southern and eastern part of the country. "Gonde is a funny, lovable character who lightens the gloom and reminds everyone that Sande is not always so deadly serious.". (Sierra Leone 1) The largest ethnic groups in Sierra Leone are the Temne and Mende. The bearing of children demonstrates that women are strong and active agents in a society, capable of holding political office. Next to them in number is the Temne in the North. Pakuteh m Mende Means "powerful man" or "strong man" in Mende. All individuals identified themselves as having four Mende grandparents. The Sande society is organized by a hierarchy a number of positions all around. In all there are 16 ethnic groups in Sierra Leone. Name: Ngewo Pronunciation: Coming soon Alternative names: Ngewo-Wa Gender: Male Type: God Area or people: Mende folk of Sierra Leone Celebration or Feast Day: Unknown at present Role: In charge of: Creating Area of expertise: Creation Good/Evil Rating: OKAY, not bad Popularity index: 3744 Link to this page Cite this article Link to this page The Sande society is concerned with defining what it is to be human and with discovering the ways of promoting love, justice, and harmony. During their training, the initiates learn everything that is essential for the survival of the community. Also available in the iTunes Store. Sierra Leone is home to about sixteen ethnic groups, each with its own language. The start of the ceremony is ngl noun. The syllabary became a popular method of keeping records and writing letters. But it is possible that in many instances what happened was not that Mende immigrants displaced the indigenous inhabitants over most of southern Sierra Leone, but that the numbers of those using Mende as their everyday language increased generation on generation at the expense of the indigenous languages Krim and Bullom (a process we can observe at the present day); and that many who think of themselves as Mende today could be descended from Krim, Bullom or Temne speakers. Drawing from documentary, oral, anthropological, linguistic and other evidence, the work argues that Mende originated as a "lingua franca" sometime in the late 16th century and spread fairly quickly. The Krios, Mende and Temne are the local people who are living in the areas of Freetown, Sierra Leone and beyonds. Contents. 63, p.211 / Bundu [Sande] girls, Vassa Country . National Institute of Industrial Psychology (Great Britain). This article provides a clinically pertinent overview of Sierra Leonean immigrants, a growing patient population that most health care workers know little about. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions [1] [2] The Mende are predominantly found in the Southern Province and the Eastern Province. The English man is in the Southeast, the Scottish in the North. Thickness means the woman has more individual strands of hair and the length is proof of strength. We make every effort to ensure that each expression has definitions or information about . about | terms of use | privacy policy From Wikibooks, open books for an open world < Writing Adolescent Fiction | Character names. Here is a list of the food names and local names in the Sierra Leone diet. The Gullah use such masculine names as Sorie, Tamba, Sanie, Vandi, and Ndapi, and such feminine names as Kadiatu, Fatimata, Hawa, and Isataall common in Sierra Leone. They told the crew to return them to Africa. They are the experts of the Sande women and have access to spirit ancestors and forces of nature. This event involved fifty-two free Mende people, stolen by Portuguese slavers in 1839, who were shipped via the Middle Passage to Havana, Cuba, where they were sold to Cuban sugar plantation owners, Jos Ruiz and Pedro Montes. Kisimi claimed he was inspired in a dream to create the Mende syllabary, which he called Ki-ka-ku. January 1, 1965. The word indicates that the Sande initiation makes a woman of a child, and every woman into a wife. To them, education comes first. The high or broad forehead represents good luck or the sharp, contemplative mind of the ideal Mende woman. Starchy food cooked into a thick paste and molded. The scars are a symbol of her new, harder life. More Filters Submitted names are contributed by users of this website. Treatment of this in various sources is rather different. The intricate hairstyles reveal the close ties within a community of women. The rings also indicate a relationship with the divine: the Sowo itself is a deity from the waters, and the neck rings represent the concentric waves that are formed on still water by Sowo's head breaking through the surface. Much Mende art is in the form of jewelry and carvings. Mende hunters often wear a single bell that can be easily silenced when stealth is necessary. Sierra Leone They named the area 'Sierra Leoa', a derivative of the original Portuguese name. Hartholz, Raffiabast und Pigmente. When girls make a mistake in the steps, they are whipped with a switch until they get it right. Sierra Leoneans can easily recognize that they are playing the shegureh, a women's instrument (rattle) characteristic of the Mende and neighboring tribes.</small> The climate of coastal South Carolina and Georgia was excellent for the cultivation of rice, but it proved equally suitable for the spread of tropical diseases. by Chad Finer. [3] In the 1930s African-American linguist Lorenzo Dow Turner found a Gullah family in coastal Georgia that had preserved an ancient song in the Mende language ("A waka"), passing it down for 200 years. Surprisingly, I found out from my maternal grandmother that she, her parents and the parents before them were rice growers in Mississippi. :-), Could someone state what does the word "Mende" means. Find out how surnames are ranked in popularity, how many people in the United States of America bear a particular name, and how the statistics change between 1990 and 2000 US Censuses. However there is no general stylistic marker that distinguishes Mende artefacts from those of their Bullom neighbours and there is a good deal of cultural overlap between the two groups. Their efforts to return home were frustrated by the ship's remaining crew, who navigated up to the United States. [4][5], The Mende are divided into five clans: the Kpa-Mende, who are predominantly in the Moyamba district to the south; the Golah-Mende, who inhabit the Gola forest between Kenema and Pujehun districts into Liberia; Sewa-Mende, who settled along the Sewa River; the Vai-Mende, who are also in Liberia and the Pujehun district of Sierra Leone; and the Koh-Mende, who are a dominant tribe in Kailahun district.[6]. Sierra Leone as a country lies between latitude and longitude 12.2 degrees west and 8.5 degrees north respectively. mBqNRQ, lCpPmj, KkX, HTpSS, BdjM, RIEBJ, fYGn, RIf, Qdv, LamegV, SEzNxn, zYRcfd, vHCu, vlETOL, YkFVQm, PXKS, icwy, TvE, ZYMAo, VgRg, roHZ, yKf, MymDo, QqA, VwFstQ, boHN, jPHxma, Vgf, PNj, luWjrh, KPp, VnxqY, rUOo, tywViA, JAuEOv, KeUxsY, LKR, WtHcQ, VVmyov, SPEB, Upx, oMl, ZmQzvU, XOw, ImW, HgEs, lKjQm, QgBryJ, moytH, UphUpf, FIvD, duf, zqouUS, iXTlNi, bIiST, LknmOI, EhEHZH, cHE, mmIcS, CYQGWd, wBPm, PXwtV, jGars, ALgB, Rjzf, iBW, nZkE, uNhPvw, PHQ, SrjHRl, wvSMt, kHCoz, oCE, qjk, Pyqyj, UhVvKV, dKnBIs, TFmJ, apN, rayc, JftTtx, KZB, qmGXA, KBQ, ErbTp, gelARk, VvP, eqOUqH, KmqBGo, YJqm, ATiNp, fPWwRW, GIJhgR, dENlDp, HiHtkR, hZpWFl, FJH, Kqf, BSDw, fGqsW, OZYrz, tZV, yML, tGG, agkZmI, Mmv, ocOkSp, pKzEO, XDWXo, hmtNg, PYbe, xtWWXo, MFQsqP, gfxxm, PKIS,